Stream run-off losses and soil and grass residues of triclopyr applied to hillside gorse

Wilcock, Robert J.; Costley, K. J.; Cowles, R. J.; Wilson, Brian; Southgate, Paul C.

doi:10.1080/00288233.1991.10417675

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Triclopyr concentrations have been found to increase over time in forest litter (Newton et al 1990) and mineral soils (Thompson et al 2000), presumably because of ongoing inputs from sprayed leaves as they fall to the forest floor and degrade. There is also evidence that triclopyr residues can wash off foliage during precipitation events occurring from a few days after treatment (Thompson et al 1991) up to 46 d after treatment (Wilcock et al 1991). Triclopyr residues have been found to move laterally in soil surface runoff as much as 12 m downslope from treatment areas (Stephenson et al 1990).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Off-Target Effects Due to Basal Bark Treatment for Control of Invasive Fig Trees (Ficus carica)

Holmes¹,

Berry²

2009

Invasive plant sci. manag.

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Basal bark treatments involve the application of concentrated herbicide solution on each individual stem of targeted plants. When applied to stands of invasive plants with high stem densities, basal bark treatments may result in the use of large quantities of herbicide in a given area. The effect of basal bark treatments using a solution of 25% triclopyr herbicide and 75% methylated seed oil was tested on research plots located in six different groves of invasive fig, a densely stemmed, problematic invader of riparian forests in California. The experimental treatments resulted in application rates that were equivalent to 28 to 44 kg ae/ha, greatly in excess of the labeled maximum use rate of 9 kg ae/ha (8 lb/ac). At 175 d after application, soils near the fig trunks contained high levels of triclopyr residues (up to 6.6 ppmw), suggesting that the chemical made its way into soils during this period and was not completely degraded. Although the mortality of native plants transplanted into treated fig groves was low (up to 16%), it was significantly greater than the mortality experienced by native plants transplanted into untreated control sites (0%). Although effective in controlling invasive fig trees (> 99% mortality), the high herbicide application rates from basal bark treatment preclude the use of this treatment in large fig groves. These treatments may be appropriate, however, when fig groves are small or isolated enough to prevent overapplication on a per-area basis. In addition, neither limited basal bark applications of triclopyr (< 40% of stems treated) nor foliar spray treatments of 2% glyphosate were effective control measures. Further investigation is needed on ways to control large invasive fig groves.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Off-Target Effects Due to Basal Bark Treatment for Control of Invasive Fig Trees (Ficus carica)

Holmes¹,

Berry²

2009

Invasive plant sci. manag.

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“…For all three species, triclopyr (Grazon®) was used at the rate of 3.6 g active ingredient (ai) L -1 for the full rate and 1.8 g ai L -1 for the reduced rate. Although the residual half-life of triclopyr in soil can be up to 107 days (Wilcock et al 1991), it is thought likely to be less persistent in the high organic carbon environment of forest soils, particularly if applied at low rates (James et al 1999;Bolan et al 2011).…”

Section: Ground Cover Weed Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can a reduced rate of herbicide benefit native plants and control ground cover weeds?

McAlpine¹,

Lamoureaux²,

Timmins³

et al. 2018

NZ J Ecol

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The use of herbicide to control weeds in natural areas can cause non-target damage to resident native plant communities and compromise native restoration goals. We tested 'full ' and 'reduced' (half) rates of herbicide (rates based on previous glasshouse trials) on the ground cover weed species tradescantia (Tradescantia fluminensis), plectranthus (Plectranthus ciliatus), and climbing asparagus (Asparagus scandens) to determine whether the reduced rate would cause less non-target damage to natives and achieve sufficient control of the weeds. We also included a manual removal (hand-weeding) treatment, and experimental control (non-treatment). These four treatments were applied to dense ground cover weed infestations at six lowland forest sites. Subsequent responses of the ground cover weed, native and other exotic plant species were monitored for 24 months. Two months after treatment, biomass of all three weed species was reduced to extremely low levels across all treatments relative to controls. Twenty-four months after treatment, biomass of plectranthus remained low, but tradescantia and climbing asparagus had recovered to near pre-treatment biomass levels across all treatments. Recovery of tradescantia was positively correlated with canopy openness. The reduced rate of herbicide gave a similar level of weed control to the full rate, across all three weed species, however repeat treatments appear necessary for sustained control of tradescantia and climbing asparagus. At sites invaded by plectranthus, the reduced rate of herbicide also increased native species richness. However, herbicide treatments had no effect on native plant abundance or native species richness at sites invaded by tradescantia and climbing asparagus. Manual removal sometimes benefited native plants, but all treatments increased abundance and/ or species richness of other exotic plant species at some sites. Generally, native plant abundance and native species richness decreased with increasing canopy openness, while the opposite was true for exotic species. This study provides evidence that, although repeat applications are likely necessary, a reduced rate of herbicide can benefit native plants and achieve ground cover weed control. Further research to fine-tune these results and extend them to other ground cover weed species would be invaluable.

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“…The residual half-life of triclopyr in soils has been variously determined to be anything from 10 days to 107 days, depending on the rate applied and other environmental factors. The half-life of triclopyr, when applied at 3.9 kg ai/ha on a New Zealand pastoral soil, was found to be 97-107 days (Wilcock et al 1991) and was similar in a Northern USA forest ecosystem when applied at 6.5 kg ai/ha (Ganapathy 1997). However, in another study the halflife of triclopyr, when applied at 3.0 kg ai/ha in forest soils was determined to be only 20 days (Ganapathy 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of rate of application of triclopyr on wandering jew (<i>Tradescantia fluminensis</i> Vell)

Hurrell¹,

James²,

Lamoureaux³

et al. 2009

NZPP

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Wandering Jew (Tradescantia fluminensis Vell) is a common weed in canopydepleted indigenous forest remnants in New Zealand In this study triclopyr was applied to dense stands of wandering Jew at a range of rates in each of two experiments (Diamond Harbour in the South Island and Te Pahu in the North Island) to determine its effects on the weed and subsequent regrowth The cover of wandering Jew was initially reduced by 80100 with herbicide application At about 1 year after application of the herbicide the wandering Jew had regrown to about 350 cover depending on the rate of triclopyr applied and some indigenous seedlings had begun to appear However the survival of these seedlings was minimal

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Stream run-off losses and soil and grass residues of triclopyr applied to hillside gorse

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Evaluation of Off-Target Effects Due to Basal Bark Treatment for Control of Invasive Fig Trees (Ficus carica)

Evaluation of Off-Target Effects Due to Basal Bark Treatment for Control of Invasive Fig Trees (Ficus carica)

Can a reduced rate of herbicide benefit native plants and control ground cover weeds?

Effects of rate of application of triclopyr on wandering jew (<i>Tradescantia fluminensis</i> Vell)

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