Stray dog trade fuelled by dog meat consumption as a risk factor for rabies infection in Calabar, southern Nigeria

Ekanem, Ekpenyong E.; Eyong, Komomo; Philip-Ephraim, E. E.; Eyong, ME; Adams, E G; Aa, Asindi

doi:10.4314/ahs.v13i4.44

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, in the case of Makurdi, due to the high dog population and the poor acceptability of dog as meat for human consumption by indigenous tribes (Akombo, 2009), some southern states like Cross River (Ekanem et al, 2013), Enugu and Akwa Ibom states, source for dogs for human consumption from Makurdi and its environs. Therefore, the presence of the rabies antigen in the brain tissue of these dogs poses a risk of possible spread of the disease to other states since the dog trade and movement is not regulated by government.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective study of dog bites and cases of rabies virus infected dogs in slaughter houses in Makurdi, Nigeria

Ikye-Tor¹,

Kwaga²,

Kia³

et al. 2020

Sokoto J. Vet. Sc.

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This study was carried out to obtain a 16-year retrospective data on dog bites/suspected dog rabies cases and to determine the prevalence of rabies antigen in the brains of dogs slaughtered for human consumption in Makurdi, Benue State. Data for retrospective studies (2003 - 2018) of dog bite/suspected rabies cases was collected from both government and private veterinary clinics in Makurdi while dog brain samples were collected from the dog slaughter slab at the mammy market in Makurdi. A total of 139 dog bite/suspected rabies cases were reported between January, 2003 and December, 2018 in the veterinary clinics with majority (55.3%) of the victims being children less than 16-years old. Only 18 (12.2%) of the offending dogs were quarantined at the time of bite, 11 of which died in quarantine. Five samples from the dogs that died in quarantine were later confirmed positive for rabies at the National Veterinary Research Institute Vom, Nigeria. Of the 464 brain samples collected from the slaughter slab, 52 (11.2%) tested positive for rabies antigen through the direct fluorescent antibody technique. The presence of rabies antigen in apparently healthy dogs may serve as a source of spread of the virus to the public as most people do not regard bites from healthy dogs as possible exposures. There is need for public health awareness on the health challenges posed by dog bites especially on the possibility of developing rabies from such bites, and the need to promptly report every bite so that proper medical attention can be given. With the world looking at eliminating canine mediated rabies by the year 2030, mass enlightenment programmes regarding rabies and its prevention in Makurdi is strongly recommended to help achieve this goal. Keywords: Bites, Dogs, Rabies, Makurdi, Nigeria, Retrospective

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective study of dog bites and cases of rabies virus infected dogs in slaughter houses in Makurdi, Nigeria

Ikye-Tor¹,

Kwaga²,

Kia³

et al. 2020

Sokoto J. Vet. Sc.

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“…On prevalence across the country, lower prevalence was commonly reported in the North [23][24][25] than in the South (Table 1) such that in a study, 85% prevalence was found in a community in Niger Delta [9]. In this region, dogs are slaughtered for food [33,40,76]; therefore, there is high demand for dog meat and consequently increase in dog rearing activities constituting a risk to an increase in disease prevalence and distribution. Also, disparity in dog density between the North and South could provide a possible explanation to the differences in prevalence between both regions [40,56,76].…”

Section: Prevalence In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Cystic Echinococcosis in Nigeria: A Story of Neglect

Ohiolei¹,

Yan²,

Li³

et al. 2019

Acta Parasit.

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Purpose Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato is a widespread zoonotic disease of global concern. In Nigeria, the exact picture/status of CE is unclear, as most of the states are largely uninvestigated. Yet, as with every parasitic zoonosis, the first step towards planning a comprehensive management and control programme involves assessment of available national/regional prevalence data, host range, and risk factors at play in the transmission dynamics. Methods Published articles on echinococcosis were searched on PubMed and Africa Journal Online (AJOL) databases. Inclusion criteria were based on studies reporting prevalence of echinococcosis in animals and humans (including case reports) from 1970 to 2018. Results In this study, we evaluated and summarized cystic echinococcosis reports in Nigeria and found that post 1970-80s, studies on cystic echinococcosis have remained sparse regardless of the high prevalence recorded in the early years of CE investigation. In addition, information on the genetic population structure and the role of wildlife in CE transmission is still lacking. Conclusions This study appraises the prevalence and distribution of CE in Nigeria and identified areas where surveillance and control efforts should be focused and intensified.

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“…Dogs sold for slaughter are usually not fed, this can enhance meat quality in terms of longer shelf life due to absence of gut content contamination of carcass during evisceration, consistent with the report of Sofos et al (1999). Changing such belief among butchers may pose a challenge, as slaughter points for dogs are usually located in hidden areas, consistent with the findings of Ekanem et al (2013) and the fact that dog meat consumption is regarded by many people as unethical and taboo on several grounds (Garba et al, 2013). However, only a small number 1.7% of butchers agree to the use of the suffocation method.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

The different traditional pre-slaughter handling methods for dogs at Jos south Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

Oziegbe¹,

Patrobas²,

Dunka³

et al. 2019

Sokoto J. Vet. Sc.

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The consumption of dog meat has been reported in many countries of the world including Nigeria. Different pre-slaughter handling methods are commonly used prior to dog slaughter in many parts of the country including Plateau State. This study determined the frequency and reasons for the use of the various traditional preslaughter handling methods at the "Angwan Kare" Dog Market Jos. Relevant data were collected from 120 butchers interviewed randomly in groups of 20 for six consecutive days. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A total of 120 butchers were interviewed, 114 (95%) used the strangulation method of preslaughter handling. The suffocation method was used by 2 butchers with 1.7% as the overall use frequency. The stunning method was used by 4 butchers with 3.3% as the overall frequency of use. It is evident from this study that the strangulation method with frequency of 95% is the most used of the pre-slaughter handling methods. Dog butchers should be trained and taught proper pre-slaughter stunning techniques to enhance meat quality and dog welfare through the relief of pain, fear and suffering.

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Stray dog trade fuelled by dog meat consumption as a risk factor for rabies infection in Calabar, southern Nigeria

Cited by 23 publications

References 4 publications

Retrospective study of dog bites and cases of rabies virus infected dogs in slaughter houses in Makurdi, Nigeria

Retrospective study of dog bites and cases of rabies virus infected dogs in slaughter houses in Makurdi, Nigeria

Review of Cystic Echinococcosis in Nigeria: A Story of Neglect

The different traditional pre-slaughter handling methods for dogs at Jos south Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

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