Strawberry‐Flavored Baits for Pharmaceutical Delivery to Feral Swine

Campbell, Tyler A.; Long, David B.

doi:10.2193/2008-326

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Two non-target species, raccoons and collared peccary, were documented not visiting sites with strawberry scent; however, apple scent appeared to attract raccoons (Campbell and Long 2008). Strawberry flavoring has also provided reliable attraction to wild pigs without drawing raccoons; however, deer were attracted to strawberry flavoring (Campbell and Long 2009). …”

Section: Non-target Species Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attractants for wild pigs: current use, availability, needs, and future potential

et al. 2017

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Populations of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are burgeoning around the globe, and they are currently the target of extensive research and management efforts. Wild pigs are a highly successful invasive species that cause extensive damage to agriculture and native plant and animal communities. Lethal control is the most common management strategy used to reduce wild pig populations and their damage, and many lethal strategies rely on luring wild pigs to a specific location. Most commonly, a food commodity such as corn or maize (Zea mays) is used for attracting wild pigs to a site, but baiting with food is sometimes prohibited under wildlife laws, and visitation can be variable due to availability of alternative foods, level of harassment by humans, and acceptance of novel food source, devices, and activity. Wild pigs are highly adaptable with refined senses that enable them to interact with their environment and conspecifics in a complex manner. Wild and domestic pigs share keen senses, though differences exist due to suppressed stimuli, evolutionary gains and losses, or other factors related to needs for survival and fitness. Wild pigs routinely rely on acute olfaction to locate food, detect predators, and communicate with conspecifics. A pig's sense of taste is also considered to be refined and more acute than that of humans. An abundance of evaluations regarding various attractants for wild pigs has been conducted over the last several decades; yet, a scarcity of conclusive results on which attractants to use when and where still exists. As such, we undertook a comprehensive review of available information on potential attractants that could be used to aid management strategies of wild pigs such as hunting/shooting, trapping, pharmaceutical delivery, or density estimation. To complete this review, we assimilated and synthesized the most relevant literature, provide recommendations, and identify attractant evaluation needs for the enhancement of the global management of wild pigs.

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Section: Non-target Species Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attractants for wild pigs: current use, availability, needs, and future potential

et al. 2017

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“…Though researchers observed bait removal by a diverse suite of species including cattle, white-tailed deer, and eastern cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus), fish-flavored baits that were distributed in a cluster were removed by feral swine at a rate greater than expected (Campbell and Long 2007). The third trial compared fish-flavored baits, vegetable-flavored baits, vegetable-flavored baits with a strawberry-flavored feed additive, fish-flavored baits with synthetic fermented egg attractant/repellent, and vegetable flavored baits with synthetic fermented egg attractant/repellent (Campbell and Long 2009b). The strawberry-flavored feed additive was previously identified as a candidate feral swine attractant (Campbell and Long 2008).…”

Section: Feral Swine Oral Delivery Systems Research In the Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strawberry-flavored feed additive was previously identified as a candidate feral swine attractant (Campbell and Long 2008). Again, investigators found that many species removed PIGOUT ® baits and that the addition of a strawberry-flavored feed additive and synthetic fermented egg attractant/repellent did not universally improve the feral swine-specific attributes of the delivery system (Campbell and Long 2009b). The fourth trial compared fish-flavored PIGOUT ® , vegetableflavored PIGOUT ® , and vegetable-flavored PIGOUT ® with a strawberry-flavored feed additive that were surfacedeployed and buried to a depth of 10 cm (Campbell and Long 2009b).…”

Section: Feral Swine Oral Delivery Systems Research In the Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Again, investigators found that many species removed PIGOUT ® baits and that the addition of a strawberry-flavored feed additive and synthetic fermented egg attractant/repellent did not universally improve the feral swine-specific attributes of the delivery system (Campbell and Long 2009b). The fourth trial compared fish-flavored PIGOUT ® , vegetableflavored PIGOUT ® , and vegetable-flavored PIGOUT ® with a strawberry-flavored feed additive that were surfacedeployed and buried to a depth of 10 cm (Campbell and Long 2009b). Researchers observed bait removal rates for surface-deployed baits to be between 68% and 75% and for buried baits to be between 60% and 72%, with no differences in removal rates for any species (Campbell and Long 2009b).…”

Section: Feral Swine Oral Delivery Systems Research In the Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary Assessment of the HogHopper™ for Excluding Non-Target Wildlife

Campbell¹,

Bodenchuk²,

Eisemann³

et al. 2012

vertebrate_pest_conference

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Feral swine populations are expanding throughout the U.S., where they are causing increasing amounts of damage to agriculture, natural resources, and property and threaten human health and safety. Methods to control feral swine damage in the U.S. consist of integrated fencing, trapping, snaring, and shooting (including hunting with dogs) efforts. New methods that are being developed to control feral swine damage include toxicants and fertility control agents. For these emerging technologies to be effective at the population level, they must function through oral routes of delivery. Concurrent to the development of orallydelivered actives, a cost-effective system that delivers biologics to feral swine while restricting access to non-target wildlife, needs to be developed. Our objectives are to 1) describe historical efforts to develop a feral swine-specific oral delivery system in the U.S., 2) present preliminary findings from an ongoing collaborative evaluation of the Australian-made HogHopper™, and 3) outline future opportunities in developing a feral swine-specific oral delivery system. While there is a real need for a feral swine-specific oral delivery system, presently there is no universally effective system suitable for all applications and field scenarios. Each system has its advantages and disadvantages that must be assessed within its management context.

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“…A wide range of products have been used to increase the attractiveness of baits for wild mammals; strawberry (cotton wool impregnated with a strawberry flavouring) has been used successfully as an attractant for feral swine (Campbell and Long 2009), cinnamon-truffle powder (as a bait additive) for feral swine piglets (Ballesteros et al 2009), apple (both apple juice and apple odour) for white-tailed deer (Bean and Mason 1995), marshmallow (as a bait flavouring) for gray foxes (Steelman et al 2000) and cinnamon oil and anise oil (as bait additives) for brushtail possums (Morgan 1990;Aldwell et al 2003a). Fish products have worked well as attractants for raccoons , skunks (Jojola et al 2007), mongooses (Creekmore et al 1994) and red foxes (Smith and Woods 2007), whereas offal has proved a useful attractant for dogs (Estrada et al 2001) and coyotes (Stolzenburg and Howard 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of attractant flavours for use in oral vaccine baits for badgers (Meles meles)

Kelly¹,

Corner

Gormley

et al. 2011

Eur J Wildl Res

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European badgers (Meles meles) are a wildlife reservoir for Mycobacterium bovis infection (tuberculosis) in Ireland and the UK and are implicated in the transmission of infection to livestock. Vaccination of badgers with the human BCG vaccine (Bacille Calmette Guerin) is considered as an important strategy to reduce the burden of disease in this species, and a pragmatic approach is likely to involve oral vaccination. In this study, we evaluated nine different flavours for use as attractants in a prototype oral vaccine bait for European badgers (M. meles): aniseed, apple, cocoa powder, carob powder, curry, fish, garlic, peanut and strawberry. The bait matrix was composed of a natural lipid formulation, developed as a vehicle for oral vaccination against tuberculosis in wildlife. A 'food for work' paradigm was employed during the trials to ensure the animals were actively seeking the baits. The trials showed carob and cocoa powders were equally attractive and more attractive than any of the other candidates. Carob and cocoa show potential as bait attractants for badgers and might form part of a novel vaccine delivery system.

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Strawberry‐Flavored Baits for Pharmaceutical Delivery to Feral Swine

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

Attractants for wild pigs: current use, availability, needs, and future potential

Attractants for wild pigs: current use, availability, needs, and future potential

Preliminary Assessment of the HogHopper™ for Excluding Non-Target Wildlife

Evaluation of attractant flavours for use in oral vaccine baits for badgers (Meles meles)

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