Straw, Seed Yield and Quality of Three Linum usitatissimum L. Cultivars in Relation to Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate and Plant Density

Abstract

Methodology: Two field experiments were conducted on the Experimental Farm at El-Gemmeiza Research Station, Gharbia Governorate, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt, during two successive winter seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20.
 Aims: To investigate the effect of three nitrogen fertilizer rates, i.e. 30, 50 and 70 kg N feddan-1 [one feddan (fed) = 4200 m2] and three plant densities, i.e. 1500, 2000 and 2500 seeds m-2 on flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) yield and its quality of three cultivars of flax, i.e. Sakha 3, Giza 11 and Giza 12.
 Results: Results in combined analysis of the two seasons showed that Sakha 3 cultivar significantly produced the maximum total plant height, technical stem length, upper branching zone length, No. of seeds capsule-1, total fiber percentage, fiber yield plant-1, fiber yield fed-1, fiber length and fiber fineness. Meanwhile, the highest No. of basal branches plant-1, straw yield plant-1, straw yield fed-1 and seed oil content were recorded with Giza 12 cultivar. While, Giza 11 cultivar gave the maximum stem diameter, No. of upper branches plant-1, No. of capsules plant-1, No. of seeds plant-1, seed index, seed yield plant-1, seed yield fed-1, harvest index, oil yield plant-1 and oil yield fed-1. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates from 30 up to 70 kg N fed-1 caused significant increases in almost straw, fiber, seed and oil yields and its related traits of flax, on the other hand, fiber fineness which significantly decreased with increasing nitrogen rates. Flax plants growing at 1500 seeds m-2 markedly gave the greatest No. of basal branches plant-1, stem diameter, straw yield plant-1, upper branching zone length, No. of upper branches plant-1, No. of capsules plant-1, No. of seeds plant-1, seed yield plant-1, harvest index, oil yield plant-1 and fiber yield plant-1. Meanwhile, the maximum total plant height, technical stem length, straw yield fed-1, seed yield fed-1, oil yield fed-1, total fiber percentage, fiber yield fed-1, fiber length and fiber fineness were obtained from flax planting at 2500 seeds m-2. The maximum fiber yield were recorded from the interactions among treatments Sakha 3 X 70 kg N fed-1, Sakha 3 X 2500 seeds m-2, 70 kg N fed-1 X 2500 seeds m-2 and Sakha 3 X 70 kg N fed-1 X 2500 seeds m-2. Meanwhile, the maximum seed and oil yields fed-1 were recorded from the interactions between treatments Giza 11 X 70 kg N fed-1, Giza 11 X 2500 seeds m-2, 70 kg N fed-1 X 2500 seeds m-2 and Giza 11 X 70 kg N fed-1 X 2500 seeds m-2.
 Generally, it could be concluded that Sakha 3 cultivar under soil fertilized by 70 kg N fed-1 with plant density of 2500 seeds m-2 to maximizing fiber yield fed-1, while Giza 11 cultivar with the same rates of nitrogen and plant density to maximizing seed and oil yields fed-1.

Effect of Melatonin Spraying on some Growth Characters of Several Cotton Cultivars

“…The reason for the superiority of the Back Coat variety may be due to the nature of this genotype, its response to environmental conditions, its increased vegetative growth, cell division, and the activity of vital processes. These results are consistent with the findings of [25,26], who found that the varieties differed significantly in the number of secondary branches in the plant. The cotton plants that were sprayed with a concentration of 150 mg L -1 of melatonin performed exceptionally well, with a mean for the trait of 3.95 branches per plant -1 , a 60% increase from the control plants, which produced the lowest mean of 2.46 branches per plant-1.…”

The Role of Boron in the Vegetative Growth Characteristics of Several Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Cultivars

“…The reason for the superiority of the Coker 310 cultivar may lie in the nature of this cultivar and its response to environmental conditions (temperature and photoperiod), resulting in increased vegetative growth and metabolic activity. This aligns with Gedwy et al, [21] and Omar [22], which indicated that cultivars differ significantly in number of vegetative branches per plant. Additionally, significant differences were observed among boron concentrations, with the concentration of 120 mg L -1 recording the highest mean at 3.54 vegetative branches plant -1 compared to the control treatment, which gave a lower mean of 3.13 vegetative branches plant -1 .…”

“…The reason for this superiority may be attributed to the nature of the Coker 310 cultivar and its response to environmental conditions (temperature and photoperiod). These results align with Al-Fahdawi et al, [25], Naqeeb et al, [26], Gedwy et al, [21], and Omar [22], which indicated that cultivars differ significantly in the trait of the number of fruiting branches per plant. Also, there were noticeable variations between the different boron concentrations; for example, the control treatment yielded a mean of 10.85 branches per plant, while the dosage of 120 mg L -1 produced the highest mean of 13.76 branches per plant.…”

Yield and Yield Criteria of Flax Fiber (Linum usititassimum L.) as Influenced by Different Plant Densities

“…Plant height and technical length increased with the increase in plant density and reached up to 1750 plant m −2 plant density, but decreased again at 2000 plant m −2 plant density. According to research on flax sowing density, 2250 plant m −2 was suggested for the highest plant height and technical length [28] and 2500 seeds m −2 [33]. This was also observed by researchers [34,35] recommended 1800 plants m −2 density.…”

“…Flax planting density varied according to climatic conditions. For example, Lithuanian circumstances, 2200-2500 plants m −2 have been recommended [46], while the maximum fiber yield was recorded at 2500 plant m −2 , and the lowest fiber yield was noticed at 1500 plant m −2 , and 2500 plant m −2 was recommended for high straw yield, fiber yield, seed yield and technical length [33]. However, [28] it is suggested that the seeding rate of 2250 seed m −2 for straw yield and its components viz, plant height, technical length, number of higher branches plant −1 , stem diameter and straw yield plant −1 .…”