Straw return accompany with low nitrogen moderately promoted deep root

Xu, Xu; Pang, Dangwei; Jin, Chen; Luo, Yongli; Mi, Zheng; Yin, Yue; Li, Yanxia; Li, Yong; Wang, Zhenlin

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2018.02.009

Cited by 74 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…However, effects of tillage with straw incorporation practices on root growth and distribution are variable, depending on soil texture. N application improved the root length density in the entire soil layer compared with no N treatment, which increased the proportion of root length density in the 0-40 cm soil layer and decreased the proportion of root length density in the 40-120 cm soil layer [21]. However, root growth might reach its maximum value at the optimum N rate [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Straw Incorporation Management Affects Maize Grain Yield through Regulating Nitrogen Uptake, Water Use Efficiency, and Root Distribution

et al. 2020

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Returning crop straw to soil can potentially improve soil health and crop production, facilitating sustainable agriculture. However, the effects of straw incorporation with various tillage management techniques combined with nitrogen (N) regimes on crop root growth, and water and N utility are not well understood. In this study, rotary tillage (RTS) and plow tillage (PTS) for straw incorporation combined with N regimes (CK, no N applied; LN, 112 kg N ha−1; MN, 187 kg N ha−1; and HN, 262 kg N ha−1) were used to determine their effects on soil water and mineral N availability, root distribution, crop N uptake, grain yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) of maize in northeast China. The results demonstrate that higher levels of pre-sowing soil-water storage and field evapotranspiration (ET), and lower levels of WUE and pre-sowing soil mineral N storage (Nmin-PS) at a depth of 0–60 cm were obtained with the RTS treatments as compared to the PTS treatments. N addition improved Nmin-PS and post-harvest soil mineral N storage (Nmin-PH) at a depth of 60–100 cm in 2016, and increased WUE compared to CK. RTS treatments enhanced root weight density (RWD) at a depth of 0–60 cm in 2016–2017, root length density (RLD), ratio of root length density (RLDR), and ratio of root weight density (RWDR) at a depth of 30–60 cm in 2016, and RLD at a depth of 0–30 cm in 2017. N addition promoted RLD and RWD at a depth of 0–10 cm in 2016–2017. RTS treatments reduced pre-silking shoot N uptake (NPS) and grain yield. Shoot N uptake and grain yield were enhanced in response to increasing levels of N; however, the grain yield did not show further significant improvements when the amount of N applied was over 187 kg N ha−1 (except for RTS in 2016). Overall, tillage with straw incorporation management and N levels markedly affected the soil physicochemical properties (such as ET, Nmin-PS, and Nmin-PH). This influenced grain yield indirectly by further mediating root traits (RLD, RWD, RLDR, and RWDR) with consequences for the NPS and post-silking shoot N uptake (NPOS) of maize, which were found to have greatest direct and positive impact on maize grain yield.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Straw Incorporation Management Affects Maize Grain Yield through Regulating Nitrogen Uptake, Water Use Efficiency, and Root Distribution

et al. 2020

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“…In our experiment, the amount of the irrigation water was 60 mm in the later stage of the maize growth; therefore, the water infiltration to the 20-40 cm soil layer decreased, which further reduced the water content in the 20-40 cm soil layer. In addition, some reports have shown that straw incorporation was conductive to the downward development of crop roots [32], which may also be a reason for the decrease of water content in the soil layer of 20-40 cm. Although the water content of the 20-40 cm soil layer decreased slightly in 2018 compared to that in 2017, the water content of the 0-20 cm soil layer remained a relatively high level.…”

Section: Dynamics Of Soil Moisturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, straw incorporation inhibited the salt accumulation, which created a relatively lower salinity environment for summer maize growth. In addition, straw incorporation promoted the reorganization of cultivated soil, helping crop roots develop deeper to take low-salinity water in the deeper layers [32]. Additionally, the increase of SOM due to straw applications could increase the phosphorus content in the soil, because the SOM was a major resource of the phosphorus, which was essential for crop growth [54].…”

Section: Effects Of Straw Length On Plant Growth and Grain Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Straw incorporation is widely applied in sustainable agricultural production due to its convenience to operate and realize. Compared to the straw mulching and buried straw, straw is more likely to decompose under the condition of straw incorporation [31], thus releasing more organic matter to promote the formation of soil aggregates and help the root system of crops develop deeper to increase crop yields [32]. Zhu et al [33] demonstrated that straw incorporation in the upland soil could increase the water-holding capacity in the 10-15 cm soil layer, causing the rise of sweet tomato and rapeseed yields by about 10% and 20%, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil Water-Salt Dynamics and Maize Growth as Affected by Cutting Length of Topsoil Incorporation Straw under Brackish Water Irrigation

Zhang

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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Brackish water has been utilized extensively in agriculture around the world to cope with the global water deficit, but soil salt accumulation caused by brackish water irrigation cannot be ignored. Straw incorporation has been confirmed an effective sustainable means to inhibit soil salt accumulation. An experiment was conducted in growth tanks over two consecutive growing seasons to investigate the effects of wheat straw incorporation on soil moisture and salinity under brackish water irrigation (5g NaCl L−1). Furthermore, the trial investigated the effects of three wheat straw cutting lengths (CK = 0 cm; L1 = 5 cm, L2 = 10 cm, and L3 = 20 cm) on soil water-salt dynamics and summer maize growth. The results showed that soil properties and maize yields were favorably and significantly affected by the shorter straw segments incorporated into the cultivated field (p < 0.05), as indicated in the decrease in soil bulk density (7.47%–7.79%) and the rise of soil organic matter (SOM) content (2.4–4.5g kg−1) and soil total porosity (4.34%–4.72%) under treatment L1. Meanwhile, treatment L1 produced the greatest dry above-ground biomass (14447 ± 571 kg ha−1), 100-grain weight (34.52 ± 1.20 g) and grain yield (7251 ± 204 kg ha−1) of summer maize. Soil water content in the cultivated layer increased 4.79%–25.44%, and the soil salt accumulation rate decreased significantly due to the straw incorporation and the highest value of soil moisture content (19.10%–21.84%), as well as the lowest value of soil salt accumulation rates (2.12–9.06) obtained at treatment L1. Straw incorporation with cutting length in 5 cm is the optimal choice for alleviating the adverse effects due to brackish water irrigation and improving soil properties, which could be helpful for agricultural mechanization and straw field-returning practices.

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“…After the returning of oilseed rape straw, the decomposition of straw under an anaerobic environment caused the oxygen content to reduce rapidly [21,22], and the reductive substance content increased dramatically in soil [23][24][25][26], which deteriorated the root growing environment in rice fields. Results of this research showed that root length, root weight, and root bleeding reduced significantly in straw-returning treatment compared with no straw-returning treatment, either by mulching or by plowing, during the early stage of rice growth.…”

Section: Impacts Of Straw Returning On Root Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative and Positive Impacts of Rape Straw Returning on the Roots Growth of Hybrid Rice in the Sichuan Basin Area

et al. 2019

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Incorporating oilseed-rape straw in soil is one of the effective methods for enhancing the use efficiency of agricultural resources in the rape-rice rotation system. However, the impacts of oilseed-rape straw incorporation on root growth and dynamic changes in soil are still unclear. In order to provide a deeper understanding of the oilseed rape straw return on rice growth and productivity, the experiment was conducted in the field and in a specially-designed pots system from 2016 to 2017 by means of two straw returning methods and four straw returning amounts. In the early stage of rice growth (0–36 days after rice transplanting) the straw returning treatments decreased 1.0–8.6 mg/plant in bleeding density and 0.10–6.11, 0.06–0.31, and 0.52–0.84 μmol/(g h) in the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), respectively. Oilseed rape straw returned by mulching induced negative impacts on new germinating roots in 0–10 cm of soil, while the negative impacts were observed on roots in 10–30 cm of soil for straw returned by plowing. In the later stage of rice growth (56–75 days after rice transplanting), oilseed rape straw returning produced some positive impacts on rice roots, which enhanced the yield of rice. Conclusively, our findings suggested that dynamic root growth and the activity of root enzymes are two major factors behind the slow reviving of rice after transplanting in the straw returning field. Plowing is a more appropriate method of straw returning than mulching in the rape-rice rotation system in the Sichuan basin area, with a straw incorporation rate of 3.0 t/hm2.

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Straw return accompany with low nitrogen moderately promoted deep root

Cited by 74 publications

References 59 publications

Straw Incorporation Management Affects Maize Grain Yield through Regulating Nitrogen Uptake, Water Use Efficiency, and Root Distribution

Straw Incorporation Management Affects Maize Grain Yield through Regulating Nitrogen Uptake, Water Use Efficiency, and Root Distribution

Soil Water-Salt Dynamics and Maize Growth as Affected by Cutting Length of Topsoil Incorporation Straw under Brackish Water Irrigation

Negative and Positive Impacts of Rape Straw Returning on the Roots Growth of Hybrid Rice in the Sichuan Basin Area

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