Straw Mulching Reduces the Harmful Effects of Extreme Hydrological and Temperature Conditions in Citrus Orchards

Abstract

Extreme weather conditions with negative impacts can strongly affect agricultural production. In the Danjiangkou reservoir area, citrus yields were greatly influenced by cold weather conditions and drought stress in 2011. Soil straw mulching (SM) practices have a major effect on soil water and thermal regimes. A two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate whether the SM practices can help achieve favorable citrus fruit yields. Results showed that the annual total runoff was significantly (P<0.05) reduced with SM as compared to the control (CK). Correspondingly, mean soil water storage in the top 100 cm of the soil profile was increased in the SM as compared to the CK treatment. However, this result was significant only in the dry season (Jan to Mar), and not in the wet season (Jul to Sep) for both years. Interestingly, the SM treatment did not significantly increase citrus fruit yield in 2010 but did so in 2011, when the citrus crop was completely destroyed (zero fruit yield) in the CK treatment plot due to extremely low temperatures during the citrus overwintering stage. The mulch probably acted as an insulator, resulting in smaller fluctuations in soil temperature in the SM than in the CK treatment. The results suggested that the small effects on soil water and temperature changes created by surface mulch had limited impact on citrus fruit yield in a normal year (e.g., in 2010). However, SM practices can positively impact citrus fruit yield in extreme weather conditions.

Temporal variability and covariance structures of soil temperature in a sugarcane field under different management practices in southern Brazil

“…According to Walczak and Usowicz (1994), crop residue retention impacts soil thermal regimes due to the ability to reflect soil radiation, reduce evaporation and influence net heat exchange, temperature gradient and heat transfer. Liu et al (2014) reported that, because straw mulch covering soil surface has higher albedo and lower thermal conductivity than the bare soil, it reduces the solar radiation reaching the soil and consequently reduces the soil temperature.…”

Wheat and maize relay-planting with straw covering increases water use efficiency up to 46 %

“…Straw mulch has been shown to prevent soil evaporation in relay-planting systems when the earlier-planted component crop is harvested (Wang et al 2004). Furthermore, straw mulching has been shown to decrease the depth of crop rooting in some cases, leading to reduced root interaction and competition between the two relay-planted crops during their cogrowth period (Liu et al 2014). …”

Effect of Orchard Floor Management Practices on Nutrient Status in Apple cv. Royal Delicious

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