Stratum Corneum pH in Atopic Dermatitis

Rippke, Frank; Schreiner, Volker; Doering, Thomas; Maibach, Howard I.

doi:10.2165/00128071-200405040-00002

Cited by 163 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Baseline pH assessment revealed lower values in our cohort compared with previously reported ranges in healthy children of 4.67-5.37 [57]. While pH levels remained low as found at baseline in G1, a further significant decrease in pH was observed in G2 (forehead and forearm; week 16) through the study period.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

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Children with Dry Skin and Atopic Predisposition: Daily Use of Emollients in a Participant-Blinded, Randomized, Prospective Trial

Schario

Lünnemann²,

Stroux³

et al. 2014

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Background: Dry skin reflects a skin barrier defect which can lead to atopic dermatitis. Little is known about the distinct effects of emollient use in children with dry skin and atopic predisposition. Objectives: We investigated the effects of daily application of pressed ice plant juice (PIPJ)-based emollients and petrolatum-based emollients. Methods: Children aged 2-6 years with dry skin and atopic predisposition were randomized into 2 groups: group 1 received emollients containing PIPJ and natural lipids, while group 2 received petrolatum-based emollients. Skin condition and biophysical properties of the skin barrier were assessed at inclusion and weeks 4, 12 and 16. Results: Skin condition improved significantly in all children. Comparing the groups, children treated with emollients containing PIPJ showed significantly higher stratum corneum hydration values and significantly lower transepidermal water loss values at week 16 on the forearm and forehead. A significant decrease in skin pH was noted in group 2 on the forearm and forehead; group 1 showed a stable course. Conclusion: Early intervention with emollients in children with dry skin condition and atopic predisposition may improve their skin condition during daily emollient application. PIPJ-based formulations may be helpful to maintain skin barrier integrity.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…On the contrary, a condition connected with perturbation of the skin acid mantle - hence displaying elevated skin pH levels while pathogenic bacteria (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus ) grow - is AD [6,57,60]. In vivo, lactic acid increased levels of SC ceramides, and resistance to the appearance of skin xerosis was observed [61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children with Dry Skin and Atopic Predisposition: Daily Use of Emollients in a Participant-Blinded, Randomized, Prospective Trial

Schario

Lünnemann²,

Stroux³

et al. 2014

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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“…The presence of M. sympodialis- specific IgG in the serum of healthy individuals supports this assumption [26] and most likely reflects the healthy immune response to natural exposure. In AE, the impaired skin barrier facilitates host microbe interactions and the higher pH associated with AE skin [27] stimulates the release of allergens from M. sympodialis [28]. The presence of specific IgG to Mala s 11 in healthy individuals has not been studied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The <i>Malassezia Sympodialis </i>Allergen Mala s 11 Induces Human Dendritic Cell Maturation, in Contrast to Its Human Homologue Manganese Superoxide Dismutase

Vilhelmsson

Johansson

Jacobsson-Ekman

et al. 2007

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: Recently, we identified a major Malassezia sympodialis allergen, Mala s 11, which displays a high degree of DNA sequence homology to human manganese superoxide dismutase (hMnSOD). In atopic eczema patients sensitized to M. sympodialis, hMnSOD can elicit eczematous reactions and positive skin prick tests, suggesting cross- reactivity to Mala s 11 based on molecular mimicry. The objective of the current study was to compare the influence of Mala s 11 and hMnSOD on human dendritic antigen-presenting cells. Methods: Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) from healthy blood donors were co-cultured with recombinant Mala s 11 (rMala s 11), recombinant hMnSOD (rhMnSOD), lipopolysaccharide or cultured in medium alone. Phenotypic changes were analysed using flow cytometry and allogeneic lymphocyte proliferation assays. Cytokine release into culture supernatants was investigated using cytometric bead array. Results: Whereas rhMnSOD did not affect the MDDC phenotype, rMala s 11 up-regulated the maturation marker CD83, the co-stimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR to a similar extent as lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, rMala s 11, but not rhMnSOD, induced significantly higher levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12p70 in the culture supernatants at 24 h in comparison with MDDCs cultured in medium alone. Finally, MDDCs pre-incubated with rMala s 11 induced a significantly higher proliferation of allogeneic CD14-depleted peripheral blood monocytes than MDDCs pre-incubated with rhMnSOD. Conclusion: Our results suggest that Mala s 11, but not hMnSOD, affects the immune response of healthy individuals through dendritic cell maturation and cytokine release. This indicates that dendritic cells possess the ability to distinguish between Mala s 11 and its human homologue MnSOD.

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“…To describe the structure of the SC, the well-known ‘brick and mortar model' is applied [2,3,4,5]. This model has been used for a long time, but with some improvements made it is still up to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the barrier is disturbed, this results in increased TEWL which, in turn, damages the living skin and the barrier function itself. Persistent damage to the skin barrier results in dry skin, itching and tension, and this starts a vicious circle [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. It should be pointed out here that it is a very sensitive unit which needs our special attention [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Different Cosmetic Formulations on the Human Skin Barrier

Heinrich

Tronnier

2014

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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The human skin barrier is an important part of the skin's intactness and its functionality is a precondition for healthy skin. Ingredients in cosmetic formulations, especially penetration enhancers, can influence this barrier function as they transport active agents into deeper skin layers. In this study different cosmetic formulations were tested by 60 healthy female volunteers over a period of 4 weeks. The skin hydration and barrier function before and during the application were measured. Significant changes in both parameters were determined. A negative influence on the barrier function by penetration enhancers could be observed, but it was also found that lamellar lipid structures (DermaMembranSysteme®, DMS®) are able to enhance the skin barrier. Both penetration enhancers as well as DMS can increase skin hydration.

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Stratum Corneum pH in Atopic Dermatitis

Cited by 163 publications

References 65 publications

Children with Dry Skin and Atopic Predisposition: Daily Use of Emollients in a Participant-Blinded, Randomized, Prospective Trial

Children with Dry Skin and Atopic Predisposition: Daily Use of Emollients in a Participant-Blinded, Randomized, Prospective Trial

The <i>Malassezia Sympodialis </i>Allergen Mala s 11 Induces Human Dendritic Cell Maturation, in Contrast to Its Human Homologue Manganese Superoxide Dismutase

Influence of Different Cosmetic Formulations on the Human Skin Barrier

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