Stratum corneum architecture, metabolic activity and interactivity with subjacent cell layers

Elias, Peter M.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.1996.tb00117.x

Cited by 126 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Huge variations in some skin parameters have been observed with respect to the body site studied, underscoring a need to standardize study site as well as ages compared in order to obtain meaningful results [23]. There are large differences in skin thickness with respect to body site, ranging from <0.5 mm on the eyelids to more than 6 mm on the soles of the feet [24].…”

Section: Anatomical Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a much higher proportion of sphingolipids and cholesterol in palmoplantar stratum corneum than on extensor surfaces of the extremities, abdominal or facial stratum corneum [23]. There is also an inverse relationship between the lipid weight percentage of a particular body site and its permeability [23].…”

Section: Anatomical Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are large differences in skin thickness with respect to body site, ranging from <0.5 mm on the eyelids to more than 6 mm on the soles of the feet [24]. The decrease in epidermal thickness with ageing was found to be smaller at the temple than at the volar forearm [21,25], which may be the effect of cumulative photoageing.The lipid composition of human stratum corneum displays striking regional variation in both content and compositional profile [23]. There is a much higher proportion of sphingolipids and cholesterol in palmoplantar stratum corneum than on extensor surfaces of the extremities, abdominal or facial stratum corneum [23].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…lip, finger, nasal tip and forehead), blood flow decreased with age [27] compared to areas with baseline low blood flow, in which no difference was observed [27]. The decrease in sensory perception with ageing is more pronounced in the nasolabial fold and cheek, than in the chin and forehead [23].It is commonly assumed that aged skin is intrinsically less hydrated, less elastic, more permeable and more susceptible to irritation [21,26], because of an apparently less complete functional barrier than that in forearm skin [28] measured by higher transepidermal water loss [21,28]. Irritant and permeability testing, however, have not demonstrated increased susceptibility [21,26].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intrinsic and extrinsic factors in skin ageing: a review

Farage

Miller

Elsner

et al. 2008

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

702

528

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SynopsisAs the proportion of the ageing population in industrialized countries continues to increase, the dermatological concerns of the aged grow in medical importance. Intrinsic structural changes occur as a natural consequence of ageing and are genetically determined. The rate of ageing is significantly different among different populations, as well as among different anatomical sites even within a single individual. The intrinsic rate of skin ageing in any individual can also be dramatically influenced by personal and environmental factors, particularly the amount of exposure to ultraviolet light. Photodamage, which considerably accelerates the visible ageing of skin, also greatly increases the risk of cutaneous neoplasms. As the population ages, dermatological focus must shift from ameliorating the cosmetic consequences of skin ageing to decreasing the genuine morbidity associated with problems of the ageing skin. A better understanding of both the intrinsic and extrinsic influences on the ageing of the skin, as well as distinguishing the retractable aspects of cutaneous ageing (primarily hormonal and lifestyle influences) from the irretractable (primarily intrinsic ageing), is crucial to this endeavour. Ré suméComme le pourcentage de la population vieillissante dans les pays industrialisés s'accroît, les préoccupations dermatologiques des personnes âgées augmentent en importance sur le plan médical. Les modifications structurelles intrinsè-ques sont une conséquence naturelle du vieillissement et sont génétiquement déterminées. La vitesse de vieillissement diffère significativement selon les différentes populations et selon les différ-ents sites anatomiques, même pour un seul individu. La vitesse intrinsèque du vieillissement de la peau pour un individu peut être aussi très influencée par les facteurs personnels et environnementaux, en particulier le taux d'exposition à la lumière ultra-violette. La photodégradation qui accélère considérablement le vieillissement visible de la peau augmente également beaucoup le risque de formation de néoplasme cutané. Au fur et à mesure que la population vieillit, il faut davantage se préoccuper de diminuer la morbidité réelle associée au vieillissement de la peau, plutôt que de palier à ses conséquences cosméti-ques. Il est donc crucial de s'efforcer à mieux comprendre les facteurs intrinsèques et extrinsè-ques qui agissent sur le vieillissement de la peau et aussi de faire la distinction entre les aspects réversibles du vieillissement cutané (facteurs essentiellement hormonaux et mode de vie) et les aspects irréversibles (principalement le vieillissement intrinsèque). The demographics of the U.S.A. are changing rapidly with respect to its elderly population; by 2030, one of every five Americans is expected to be over 65 [3]. It is predicted that life expectancy in the U.S.A. and other industrialized countries will continue to increase, hitting 100 years by about 2025 [4]. Women, with longer average life expectancies than men, can expect to spend more than one-third of th...

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Section: Anatomical Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anatomical Variationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors in skin ageing: a review

Farage

Miller

Elsner

et al. 2008

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

702

528

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…54,60 The combination of osmium (OsO 4 ) and ruthenium tetroxide (RuO 4 ) postfixation protocols with pyridine pretreatment allowed us to assess the CE scaffold in relation to the extracellular lamellar bilayer system, as described previously. 54,61 After staining with 2% aqueous uranyl acetate and embedding in Epon epoxy, ultrathin sections (600Å) were assessed using a Zeiss 10A electron microscope (Oberkochen, Germany), operated at 60 kV.…”

Section: Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Filaggrin Genotype in Ichthyosis Vulgaris Predicts Abnormalities in Epidermal Structure and Function

Gruber

Elias

Crumrine

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Pathology

Self Cite

218

238

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Although it is widely accepted that filaggrin (FLG) deficiency contributes to an abnormal barrier function in ichthyosis vulgaris and atopic dermatitis, the pathomechanism of how FLG deficiency provokes a barrier abnormality in humans is unknown. We report here that the presence of FLG mutations in Caucasians predicts dose-dependent alterations in epidermal permeability barrier function. Although FLG is an intracellular protein, the barrier abnormality occurred solely via a paracellular route in affected stratum corneum. Abnormal barrier function correlated with alterations in keratin filament organization (perinuclear retraction), impaired loading of lamellar body contents, followed by nonuniform extracellular distribution of secreted organelle contents, and abnormalities in lamellar bilayer architecture. In addition, we observed reductions in corneodesmosome density and tight junction protein expression. Thus, FLG deficiency provokes alterations in keratinocyte architecture that influence epidermal functions localizing to the extracellular matrix.These results clarify how FLG mutations impair epidermal permeability barrier function.

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Signaling Networks in Barrier Homeostasis

Elias¹

1996

Arch Dermatol

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Stratum corneum architecture, metabolic activity and interactivity with subjacent cell layers

Cited by 126 publications

References 79 publications

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors in skin ageing: a review

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors in skin ageing: a review

Filaggrin Genotype in Ichthyosis Vulgaris Predicts Abnormalities in Epidermal Structure and Function

Signaling Networks in Barrier Homeostasis

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