Stratospheric temperature measurement with scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer for wind retrieval from mobile Rayleigh Doppler lidar

Xia, Haiyun; Dou, Xiankang; Shangguan, Mingjia; Zhao, Ruocan; Sun, Dongsong; Wang, Chong; Qiu, Jiawei; Shu, Zhifeng; Han, Yanling; Han, Yan

doi:10.1364/oe.22.021775

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Accurate ground-based wind measurements have been demonstrated up to mesospheric heights of 60 km (Dou et al [17]) and higher (Hildebrand et al [18]). The mobility of the LiDARs can be increased by installing them on trucks (Xia et al [19]), ships (Zhai et al [20]) or aircraft (Hardesty et al [21]; Bruneau et al [22]; Reitebuch [12]). Whether solid-state (Schröder et al [23]) or dye lasers (Li et al [24]), whether heterodyne (Kavaya et al [25]) or direct-detection systems (Gentry et al [26]; Herbst and Vrancken [27]), the LiDAR community has access to a variety of different technologies supporting their individual goals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibrations and Wind Observations of an Airborne Direct-Detection Wind LiDAR Supporting ESA’s Aeolus Mission

et al. 2018

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The Aeolus satellite mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) has brought the first wind LiDAR to space to satisfy the long-existing need for global wind profile observations. Until the successful launch on 22 August 2018, pre-launch campaign activities supported the validation of the measurement principle, the instrument calibration, and the optimization of retrieval algorithms. Therefore, an airborne prototype instrument has been developed, the ALADIN Airborne Demonstrator (A2D), with ALADIN being the Atmospheric Laser Doppler Instrument of Aeolus. Two airborne campaigns were conducted over Greenland, Iceland and the Atlantic Ocean in September 2009 and May 2015, employing the A2D as the first worldwide airborne direct-detection Doppler Wind LiDAR (DWL) and a well-established coherent 2-µm wind LiDAR. Both wind LiDAR instruments were operated on the same aircraft measuring Mie backscatter from aerosols and clouds as well as Rayleigh backscatter from molecules in parallel. This paper particularly focuses on the instrument response calibration method of the A2D and its importance for accurate wind retrieval results. We provide a detailed description of the analysis of wind measurement data gathered during the two campaigns, introducing a dedicated aerial interpolation algorithm that takes into account the different resolution grids of the two LiDAR systems. A statistical comparison of line-of-sight (LOS) winds for the campaign in 2015 yielded estimations of the systematic and random (mean absolute deviation) errors of A2D observations of about 0.7 m/s and 2.1 m/s, respectively, for the Rayleigh, and 0.05 m/s and 2.3 m/s, respectively, for the Mie channel. In view of the launch of Aeolus, differences between the A2D and the satellite mission are highlighted along the way, identifying the particular assets and drawbacks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibrations and Wind Observations of an Airborne Direct-Detection Wind LiDAR Supporting ESA’s Aeolus Mission

et al. 2018

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“…For lidar and remote sensing applications [24][25][26][27], the most practical solution is using freerunning InGaAs/InP SPADs. So far several techniques have been used to implement free-running operations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully integrated free-running InGaAs/InP single-photon detector for accurate lidar applications

Shangguan

Xia

et al. 2017

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We present a fully integrated InGaAs/InP negative feedback avalanche diode (NFAD) based free-running single-photon detector (SPD) designed for accurate lidar applications. A freepiston Stirling cooler is used to cool down the NFAD with a large temperature range, and an active hold-off circuit implemented in a field programmable gate array is applied to further suppress the afterpulsing contribution. The key parameters of the free-running SPD including photon detection efficiency (PDE), dark count rate (DCR), afterpulse probability, and maximum count rate (MCR) are dedicatedly optimized for lidar application in practice. We then perform a field experiment using a Mie lidar system with 20 kHz pulse repetition frequency to compare the performance between the free-running InGaAs/InP SPD and a commercial superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD). Our detector exhibits good performance with 1.6 Mcps MCR (0.6 µs hold-off time), 10% PDE, 950 cps DCR, and 18% afterpulse probability over 50 µs period. Such performance is worse than the SNSPD with 60% PDE and 300 cps DCR. However, after performing a specific algorithm that we have developed for afterpulse and count rate corrections, the lidar system performance in terms of range-corrected signal (Pr 2 ) distribution using our SPD agrees very well with the result using the SNSPD, with only a relative error of ∼2%. Due to the advantages of low-cost and small size of InGaAs/InP NFADs, such detector provides a practical solution for accurate lidar applications.

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“…With high spectral resolution techniques, atmospheric temperature [9][10][11][12][13][14], wind [12,15] and aerosol optical properties [10,16] can be retrieved. The measurement principle of the DWL relies on the detection of the radial Doppler shift carried on light backscattered off the moving particles in atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-fiber upconversion high spectral resolution wind lidar using a Fabry-Perot interferometer

Shangguan¹,

Xia²,

Wang³

et al. 2016

Opt. Express

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An all--fiber, micro--pulse and eye--safe high spectral resolution wind lidar (HSRWL) at 1.5 μm is proposed and demonstrated by using a pair of upconversion single--photon detectors and a fiber Fabry--Perot scanning interferometer (FFP--SI). In order to improve the optical detection efficiency, both the transmission spectrum and the reflection spectrum of the FFP--SI are used for spectral analyses of the aerosol backscatter and the reference laser pulse. The reference signal is tapped from the outgoing laser and served as a zero velocity indicator. The Doppler shift is retrieved from a frequency response function Q, which is defined as the ratio of difference of the transmitted signal and the reflected signal to their sum. Taking advantages of high signal--to--noise ratio of the detectors and high spectral resolution of the FFP--SI, the Q spectra of the aerosol backscatter are reconstructed along the line--of--sight (LOS) of the telescope. By applying a least squares fit procedure to the measured Q spectra, the center frequencies and the km. The standard deviation of the retrieved bandwidth variation is 2.07 MHz at the 1.8 km.

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Stratospheric temperature measurement with scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer for wind retrieval from mobile Rayleigh Doppler lidar

Cited by 32 publications

References 47 publications

Calibrations and Wind Observations of an Airborne Direct-Detection Wind LiDAR Supporting ESA’s Aeolus Mission

Calibrations and Wind Observations of an Airborne Direct-Detection Wind LiDAR Supporting ESA’s Aeolus Mission

Fully integrated free-running InGaAs/InP single-photon detector for accurate lidar applications

All-fiber upconversion high spectral resolution wind lidar using a Fabry-Perot interferometer

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