Stratospheric ozone depletion

Photoinduced Formation of H-Bonded Ion Pair in HCFC-133a

“…1 Nevertheless, as the HCFCs are important greenhouse-effect gases, 2 they have been included in the Kyoto protocol, 3 which aims to stop their production until 2020. [4][5][6][7][8] HCFC-133a (CF3CH2Cl) has been used in the pharmaceutical industry and also as a precursor of the HFC-134a (CF3CH2F). 9,10 It was first detected in the atmosphere four years ago, by Laube et.…”

“…Compared to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are much less harmful to the ozone layer, mainly due to their degradation by reactions with OH radicals in the troposphere . Nevertheless, as the HCFCs are important greenhouse-effect gases, they have been included in the Kyoto protocol, which aims to stop their production by 2020. − HCFC-133a (CF 3 CH 2 Cl) has been used in the pharmaceutical industry and also as a precursor of HFC-134a (CF 3 CH 2 F). , It was first detected in the atmosphere four years ago, by Laube et al More recently, McGillen et al have evaluated several parameters of HCFC-133a with important atmospheric implications.…”

UV‐photoexcitation and ultrafast dynamics of HCFC‐132b (CF2ClCH2Cl)

“…[3][4][5] Consequently, the HCFCs were targeted to have their production gradually reduced until 2020. [1,[6][7][8] The 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane (CF 2 ClCH 2 Cl), industrially known as Freon-132b or HCFC-132b (see Fig 1), was the major compound used for replacing CFC-113 (CF 2 Cl-CFCl 2 ) in different industrial applications. [9][10][11] However, its availability is limited due to its toxicity level [12] and effects on metabolism.…”

“…The same holds for their substitutes, hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) . Consequently, the HCFCs were targeted to have their production gradually reduced until 2020 …”

Photochemical Deactivation Process of HCFC-133a (C2H2F3Cl): A Nonadiabatic Dynamics Study

“…Since the discovery of the harmful effect of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) to the ozone layer and global warming, , these compounds have been prohibited by the Montreal Protocol, leading to the usage of hydrochlorofluorcarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) as substitutes. − Such replacement was aimed to yield a smaller number of molecules reaching the upper atmosphere and interfering in the natural cycle of ozone. , When, however, it became clear later that HCFCs are important greenhouse-effect gases, , they were included in the Kyoto Protocol, targeted to have their production gradually reduced until 2020. ,− …”