Stratospheric Ozone and Climate Forcing Sensitivity to Cruise Altitudes for Fleets of Potential Supersonic Transport Aircraft

Zhang, Jun; Wuebbles, Donald J.; Kinnison, Douglas E.; Baughcum, Steven L.

doi:10.1029/2021jd034971

Cited by 9 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…Several studies identified the stratospheric H 2 O emissions as a significant factor in potential climate effect from SST [4,9,10]. The climate effect of H 2 O is the most important climate component concerning supersonic aircraft, and its importance increases with increasing cruise altitudes [47] (Figure 1).…”

Section: A Synthesis Of Prior Studies' Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on the atmospheric impacts of SSTs has been sparse and fragmented over the last two decades, with two notable European programmes: "SCENIC" (Scenario of aircraft emissions and impact studies on chemistry and climate) and "HISAC" (Environmentally friendly high-speed aircraft). More recently, some of the older SST fleet assumptions have been re-examined with up-to-date state-of-the-art climate/chemistry models [10,47], and NASA recently sponsored an analysis of a more up-to-date set of fleet assumptions [11]. Reference [8] also examined the potential effects of a Mach 5 to 8 hypersonic aircraft fleet.…”

Section: Historical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the degree of hemispheric asymmetry between different models varies [9,11]. The magnitude and distribution of the ozone perturbation caused by emissions of supersonic aircraft also depend strongly on the emission altitude [47]. For high-altitude emissions, stratospheric ozone depletion dominates, whereas for loweraltitude emissions, the increase in ozone in the UT/LS dominates.…”

Section: Effect Of Nitrogen Oxides-homogeneous Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For high-altitude emissions, stratospheric ozone depletion dominates, whereas for loweraltitude emissions, the increase in ozone in the UT/LS dominates. One study found an inflection point at about 17 km, where the total column ozone change switches signs [47]. Furthermore, ozone concentrations undergo a seasonal cycle, leading to a larger total ozone column in spring and a smaller total ozone column in fall and winter at high northern latitudes [47,59].…”

Section: Effect Of Nitrogen Oxides-homogeneous Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study found an inflection point at about 17 km, where the total column ozone change switches signs [47]. Furthermore, ozone concentrations undergo a seasonal cycle, leading to a larger total ozone column in spring and a smaller total ozone column in fall and winter at high northern latitudes [47,59].…”

Section: Effect Of Nitrogen Oxides-homogeneous Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review: The Effects of Supersonic Aviation on Ozone and Climate

et al. 2022

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When working towards regulation of supersonic aviation, a comprehensive understanding of the global climate effect of supersonic aviation is required in order to develop future regulatory issues. Such research requires a comprehensive overview of existing scientific literature having explored the climate effect of aviation. This review article provides an overview on earlier studies assessing the climate effects of supersonic aviation, comprising non-CO2 effects. An overview on the historical evaluation of research focussing on supersonic aviation and its environmental impacts is provided, followed by an overview on concepts explored and construction of emission inventories. Quantitative estimates provided for individual effects are presented and compared. Subsequently, regulatory issues related to supersonic transport are summarised. Finally, requirements for future studies, e.g., in emission scenario construction or numerical modelling of climate effects, are summarised and main conclusions discussed.

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Section: A Synthesis Of Prior Studies' Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Historical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Nitrogen Oxides-homogeneous Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Nitrogen Oxides-homogeneous Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Nitrogen Oxides-homogeneous Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review: The Effects of Supersonic Aviation on Ozone and Climate

et al. 2022

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The Climate and Ozone Impacts of Black Carbon Emissions From Global Rocket Launches

et al. 2022

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Aerospace combustion emissions have long been recognized as a potentially import source of gases and particles for the atmosphere (Penner et al., 1999). Most of the past research has focused on emissions from jet engine powered subsonic aircraft that fly mainly in the troposphere. The climate and ozone impact from gaseous subsonic aircraft emissions are well understood. CO 2 and H 2 O emissions act to warm the surface. The particles produced by subsonic jet aircraft are far more complex and less well understood. Particles associated with jet engines include black carbon (BC), sulfate aerosol, and contrail ice clouds. The impact of these particles cover a broad range of direct and indirect radiative and chemical processes.

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Potential Impacts on Ozone and Climate From a Proposed Fleet of Supersonic Aircraft

et al. 2023

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The first commercial supersonic transport aircraft were first designed and built in the 1970s and consideration of such aircraft largely ceased in the late 1990s (e.g., Kawa et al., 1999;Penner et al., 1999). This perceived market has largely been left dormant since the retirement of the first commercial supersonic aircraft, the Concorde, in 2003. Environmental impacts associated with the operation of supersonic aircraft in the stratosphere have been an object of scientific interest since the 1970s (Grobecker et al., 1974) when the Concorde first entered into service.There is now renewed interest in considering designs for supersonic commercial aircraft, especially for smaller passenger aircraft and for supersonic business jets (e.g., Carisosica et al., 2019). The expectation of aircraft designing, testing, and operating profitable, efficient, safety, and reliable supersonic civil aircraft have been greatly improved owning to the advancement in materials, propulsion, flight control technology, analytical methods, and performance prediction over the last four decades (MacIsaac & Langton, 2011;Nicolai & Carichner, 2010). With the recently renewed interest, various academic institutions and several companies have targeted the consideration of designs for supersonic transport aircraft, including actively developing new such aircraft (e.g., Boom, 2023;Eastham et al., 2022; Spike, 2023). Resulting environmental effects from fleets of these aircraft need to be evaluated.

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Stratospheric Ozone and Climate Forcing Sensitivity to Cruise Altitudes for Fleets of Potential Supersonic Transport Aircraft

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

Review: The Effects of Supersonic Aviation on Ozone and Climate

Review: The Effects of Supersonic Aviation on Ozone and Climate

The Climate and Ozone Impacts of Black Carbon Emissions From Global Rocket Launches

Potential Impacts on Ozone and Climate From a Proposed Fleet of Supersonic Aircraft

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