Stratospheric concentrations of CCl<sub>3</sub>F in 1974

Krey, P.W.; Lagomarsino, R. J.; Frey, J.J.

doi:10.1029/jc081i009p01557

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…We will report below on a program to measure simultaneously stratospheric total column abundances above 12 km of Ja The variability in the amounts of N20, NO, NO2, and HNO3 with respect to changing latitude, season, and solar input will be examined in turn. Figure 1 shows measured profiles of N20, NO, NO2, and HNO3 as reported by various investigators [Schutz et al, 1970;Goldman et al, 1973Goldman et al, , 1978Marries, 1973;Marries et al, 1974;Ehhalt et al, 1974;Lazrus and Ganø drud, 1974;Ridley et al, 1974Ridley et al, , 1975Ridley et al, , 1976Ackerman et al, 1975;Bloxam et al, 1975;Chaloner et al, 1975;Evans et al, 1975Evans et al, , 1976Fontanella et al, 1975;Schmeltekooef et al, 1975Schmeltekooef et al, , 1977Meidt et al, 1976;Kerr and McElroy, 1976;Drummond et al, 1977;Krey et al, 1977;Loewenstein et al, 1978a, b;Maier et al, 1978;Fedder et al, 1978]. While these profiles show var-iabilities that are due to both natural and instrumental sources, they do demonstrate the typical stratospheric vertical distribution characteristics of each species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Simultaneous spectroscopic determination of the latitudinal, seasonal, and diurnal variability of stratospheric N₂O, NO, NO₂, and HNO₃

Coffey¹,

Mankin²,

Goldman³

1981

J. Geophys. Res.

109

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The importance Of NOx compounds to stratospheric chemistry has been clearly established. We report below on a program to measure latitudinal, seasonal, and diurnal variations in stratospheric N2O, NO, NO2, and HNO3 amounts. Through the use of airborne Fourier transform absorption spectroscopy, we determine simultaneously column amounts above 12 km of the four molecules listed above. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is found to have a fairly uniform distribution with latitude and season, with a stratospheric column abundance of 8.1 × 1017 molecules cm−2. Nitric oxide (NO) amounts are shown to decrease with increasing latitude in winter. A 50% decrease in high latitude winter amounts is observed as compared with low latitude values near 3.0 × 1015 molecules cm−2. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) stratospheric amounts increase in summer with increasing latitude. Equatorial values are near 3.0 × 1015 molecules cm−2 above 12 km. A factor of 3–4 increase in higher latitude summertime NO2, as compared to winter NO2, is observed. Nitric acid (HNO3) amounts show a general increase toward higher latitudes and a marked increase in mid‐latitude winter as compared to summer. Winter amounts may be highly variable with a value near 1.0 × 1016 molecules cm−2.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Simultaneous spectroscopic determination of the latitudinal, seasonal, and diurnal variability of stratospheric N₂O, NO, NO₂, and HNO₃

Coffey¹,

Mankin²,

Goldman³

1981

J. Geophys. Res.

109

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“…Other perfluorocarbons can behave similarly. As tracers of air and water motions, these species are very attractive because of the near-zero natural background, and they have been employed profitably [Lovelock, 1971;Krey et al, 1976] to trace both tropospheric and stratospheric motions.…”

Section: Pathways Of Brominementioning

confidence: 99%

Halogens in the atmosphere

Cicerone¹

1981

Reviews of Geophysics

206

129

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Extant data from measurements of halogens in the atmosphere are reviewed in the following categories: gaseous chlorine compounds (inorganic and organic), particulate chloride and chloride in precipitation, gaseous bromine compounds (inorganic and organic), particulate bromide and bromide in precipitation, gaseous iodine compounds (inorganic and organic), iodine in particles and in precipitation, gaseous fluorine compounds (inorganic and organic), and fluoride in particles and precipitation. The roles that these data and other unavailable data play in defining global cycles of the halogens are discussed. Speciation of the halogen gases in the troposphere is very uncertain: the only inorganic species detected by species-specific methods are HC1 and SF6. More specific data are available on organic forms that contain halogens. Key species of gaseous halogens, either established or suspected to be important, are listed along with key processes that need investigation. Heterogeneous reactions, both gas-to-particle and particle-to-gas processes, precipitation removal, and sea-salt aerosol generation and fractionation processes need quantitative investigation to allow progress in estimating halogen sources and sinks. Where practical, as with stratospheric inorganic chlorine gases, quantitative comparisons are made between measured and predicted concentrations.

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“…Other aircraft based sampling programs have also provided fluorocarbon measurements in the troposphere and lower stratosphere [Cronn et al, 1977;Krey et al, 1976].…”

Section: Some Injections Are Made With the Loop Under Vacuum Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratospheric N₂O, CF₂Cl₂, and CFCl₃ composition studies utilizing in situ cryogenic, whole air sampling methods

Gallagher¹,

Forsberg²,

Fieri³

1983

J. Geophys. Res.

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The fluorocarbon and nitrous oxide content of the stratosphere have been studied as a function of altitude, latitude, and time. Whole air samples have been gathered from a balloon platform, primarily through use of a cryogenic sampler. Twenty‐two flights were conducted between 1975 and 1980, and gas chromatography was utilized to determine species mixing ratios in the retrieved samples. Results are evaluated in terms of various stratosphere models.

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Stratospheric concentrations of CCl₃F in 1974

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Simultaneous spectroscopic determination of the latitudinal, seasonal, and diurnal variability of stratospheric N₂O, NO, NO₂, and HNO₃

Simultaneous spectroscopic determination of the latitudinal, seasonal, and diurnal variability of stratospheric N₂O, NO, NO₂, and HNO₃

Halogens in the atmosphere

Stratospheric N₂O, CF₂Cl₂, and CFCl₃ composition studies utilizing in situ cryogenic, whole air sampling methods

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Stratospheric concentrations of CCl3F in 1974

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Simultaneous spectroscopic determination of the latitudinal, seasonal, and diurnal variability of stratospheric N2O, NO, NO2, and HNO3

Simultaneous spectroscopic determination of the latitudinal, seasonal, and diurnal variability of stratospheric N2O, NO, NO2, and HNO3

Halogens in the atmosphere

Stratospheric N2O, CF2Cl2, and CFCl3 composition studies utilizing in situ cryogenic, whole air sampling methods

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Stratospheric concentrations of CCl₃F in 1974

Simultaneous spectroscopic determination of the latitudinal, seasonal, and diurnal variability of stratospheric N₂O, NO, NO₂, and HNO₃

Simultaneous spectroscopic determination of the latitudinal, seasonal, and diurnal variability of stratospheric N₂O, NO, NO₂, and HNO₃

Stratospheric N₂O, CF₂Cl₂, and CFCl₃ composition studies utilizing in situ cryogenic, whole air sampling methods