Stratospheric Chemistry

Brune, William H.

doi:10.1002/rog.1991.29.s1.12

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 393 publications

(347 reference statements)

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“…Climate models still cannot accurately simulate the chemistry (Brune, 1991;McFarland and Kaye, 1992), the dynamics of the polar vortex are not fully understood (Schoeberl and Hartmann, 1991 ) and the influence of natural perturbations still has to be resolved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assuming a 95% reduction in CFC emissions, results from 13 two-dimensional models (WMO, 1990) suggest that ozone reduction will be negligible at the tropics but up to 4% at high latitudes. However if chlorine levels continue to increase, then the depletion could be up to 10% at high latitudes during late winter (Brune, 1991). Recent proposals to establish a new generation of SSTs would also have a major impact on stratospheric ozone depletion.…”

Section: L Stratospheric Ozone Climatologymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The amount of research into stratospheric ozone depletion greatly increased in response to this challenge. As a consequence there are numerous reviews on the problem of the ozone hole: Schoeberl and Kreuger (1986), Solomon (1988), Brune (1991) and McFarland and Kaye (1992).…”

Section: L Stratospheric Ozone Climatologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other solar phenomena, such as solar flares, also appear to affect ozone. An aerosol layer of sulphate, called the Junge layer, occurs in the stratosphere (Brune, 1991) and is believed to help ozone destruction. Primarily this is formed from the photodissociation of carbonyl sulphide (COS) which originates from the troposphere (McFarland and Kaye, 1992).…”

Section: L Stratospheric Ozone Climatologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent proposals to establish a new generation of SSTs would also have a major impact on stratospheric ozone depletion. It has been estimated that the greatest damage would happen for flights at 25 km altitude occurring at high latitudes (Brune, 1991 ) .…”

Section: L Stratospheric Ozone Climatologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stratospheric ozone depletion - an overview of the scientific debate

Drake

1995

Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment

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For almost half a century it was widely believed that the photochemistry of the stratosphere and hence ozone distribution were well understoood. As observations revealed a gap between observed and predicted values it was recognized that a number of substances acted as catalysts thereby increasing the destruction of ozone and that humanity could augment those catalysts and affect the ozone layer.Initial concern focused on nitrogen oxides from the exhausts of supersonic transport, but attention switched in the mid-1970s to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Although the theory of anthropogenic ozone depletion by CFCs found widespread scientific support the perceived threat was minimized in particular by successive model predictions downgrading the amount of depletion. The appearance of the ozone hole over Antarctica in the mid-1980s reopened the debate as to whether such depletion was anthropogenic or natural in origin. It also highlighted the model's inadequate treatment of the processes occurring in the stratosphere and the importance of dynamics and radiative transfer in stratospheric ozone destruction. Scientific consensus again favours the anthropogenic depletion of the ozone layer. In conclusion it is considered that the degree of consensus outweighs the image of scientific uncertainty that is often portrayed in relation to the issue of stratospheric ozone depletion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: L Stratospheric Ozone Climatologymentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: L Stratospheric Ozone Climatologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: L Stratospheric Ozone Climatologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: L Stratospheric Ozone Climatologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Stratospheric ozone depletion - an overview of the scientific debate

Drake

1995

Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment

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Absorption cross sections for gaseous ClNO₂ and Cl₂ at 298 K: Potential organic oxidant source in the marine troposphere

Ganske¹,

Berko²,

Finlayson-Pitts³

1992

J. Geophys. Res.

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The absorption cross sections for gaseous ClNO2 in the 200–370 nm region and for Cl2 in the 270–400 nm region have been determined at 298 K. The cross sections for Cl2 are in excellent agreement with the literature. At λ < 300 nm the absorption cross sections for ClNO2 are in good agreement with those of lilies and Takacs (1976/1977) and Nelson and Johnston (1981) but are higher than those of Martin and Gareis (1956) from 220 to 240 nm. In the tropospherically important region beyond 290 nm our results, which have been corrected for impurity Cl2 using a combination of mass spectrometry and UV absorption, fall between those of Martin and Gareis (1956) and lilies and Takacs (1976/1977) and are in excellent agreement with the values of Nelson and Johnston (1981). Estimates of the photolysis rate constants and photolytic lifetimes for ClNO2 for various solar zenith angles at the Earth's surface are reported. It is shown that atomic chlorine from ClNO2 photolysis may be a significant initiator of organic photooxidation in both moderately polluted and remote marine atmospheres.

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A critical review of stratospheric chemistry research in the U.S.: 1991–1994

Toohey¹

1995

Reviews of Geophysics

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After the previous review [Brune, 1991] of the breadth of scientific activity following reports of an ozone hole over Antarctica and of similar photochemistry over the Arctic, it is surprising to find as rich a literature base for this review. Admittedly, some of the recent publications are new, but belated, reports of studies carried out before 1991, while some are results of ongoing studies. However, there have also been important new developments in stratospheric chemistry, many of which were initiated by the long‐awaited launch of the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) [Reber, 1993], the Second Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition (AASE II) [Anderson and Toon, 1993], the European Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Expedition (EASOE) [Pyle et al, 1994], the NASA High‐Speed Research Program (HSRP) [Albritton et al, 1993], the eruption of Mount Pinatubo [McCormick, 1992], and the Stratospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols, and Dynamics Expedition (SPADE) [ Wofsy et al, 1994]. The review period was also highlighted by observations of the lowest global ozone abundances on record [Gleason et al, 1993], detection of enhanced ultraviolet radiation at the earth's surface [Frederick and Alberts, 1991], examinations of possible strategies for mitigating ozone losses [Cicerone et al, 1991], and direct confirmation of the effectiveness of international agreements limiting the production of ozone‐destroying substances [Elkins et al, 1993].

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Stratospheric Chemistry

Cited by 6 publications

References 393 publications

Stratospheric ozone depletion - an overview of the scientific debate

Stratospheric ozone depletion - an overview of the scientific debate

Absorption cross sections for gaseous ClNO₂ and Cl₂ at 298 K: Potential organic oxidant source in the marine troposphere

A critical review of stratospheric chemistry research in the U.S.: 1991–1994

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Stratospheric Chemistry

Cited by 6 publications

References 393 publications

Stratospheric ozone depletion - an overview of the scientific debate

Stratospheric ozone depletion - an overview of the scientific debate

Absorption cross sections for gaseous ClNO2 and Cl2 at 298 K: Potential organic oxidant source in the marine troposphere

A critical review of stratospheric chemistry research in the U.S.: 1991–1994

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Absorption cross sections for gaseous ClNO₂ and Cl₂ at 298 K: Potential organic oxidant source in the marine troposphere