Stratigraphy, structure, and volcanic-hosted mineralization of the Mount Windsor Subprovince, North Queensland, Australia

Berry, Ron F.; Huston, David L.; Stolz, A. J.; Hill, A; Beams, S. D.; Kuronen, U.; Taube, A.

doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.87.3.739

Cited by 44 publications

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“…The geologic and structural features of the deposit have been described by Gregory et al (1990), Berry et al (1992), and Hill (1996), who share the view that it represents a synvolcanic sea-floor deposit of the extensive sheet style described by Large (1992). Peak metamorphism in the Thalanga area, at about 450ºC and 2 to 4 kbars, occurred after the principal deformation event.…”

Section: Deposit Geologymentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The volcano-sedimentary rocks were deposited on attenuated continental crust in a Cambro-Ordovician extensional back-arc basin (Stolz, 1995). The sequence records initial continentderived sedimentation and minor rift-related mafic volcanism, succeeded by voluminous eruption of crustally derived rhyolitic magmas, abruptly followed by mixed mafic-felsic vulcanism derived from subduction modified mantle, and culminating in deep-water fine-grained sedimentation (Henderson, 1986;Berry et al, 1992;Stolz, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Mount Windsor subprovince has experienced at least one major deformation event (D 2 ), which was temporally related to extensive Mid-Late Ordovician gneissic granitoid intrusions (Berry et al, 1992). This event produced relatively low pressure regional metamorphic assemblages, ranging from prehnite grade in the east, to upper greenschist andalusite-biotite grade in the west, and a near-vertical axial plane cleavage grading to foliation in the phyllosilicate-rich rocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Origin of Chlorite-Tremolite-Carbonate Rocks Associated with the Thalanga Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposit, North Queensland, Australia

Herrmann¹,

Hill²

2001

Economic Geology

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Thalanga is located near the western end of the Mount Windsor subprovince-a belt of deformed marine sedimentary and AbstractThe Thalanga polymetallic massive sulfide deposit is hosted by felsic volcanics of the Cambro-Ordovician Mount Windsor subprovince in North Queensland. The sheetlike sulfide deposit consists of several semiconnected lenses, totaling 6.6 million metric tons (Mt), which lie at a single stratigraphic level between underlying subaqueously emplaced rhyolite and overlying dacitic to andesitic lavas, sills, and volcaniclastic rocks. The ores and host rocks have been deformed and metamorphosed to upper greenschist facies. Associated with the West Thalanga orebody are strata-bound lenses composed of chlorite, tremolite, dolomite, and calcite that previously have been interpreted as exhalites. They extend up to a few hundred meters along the mineralized horizon and locally also exist in the stratigraphic footwall around the fringes of the deposit.Rhyolitic volcanics beneath the deposit are extensively altered. A pervasive sericite ± chlorite ± pyrite zone that extends greater than 200 m into the footwall envelops semistratiform proximal quartz + pyrite ± chlorite stringer zones. Major and trace element geochemical data indicate that Zr, Ti, and Al remained essentially immobile in the footwall rocks despite intense hydrothermal alteration involving significant mass transfers of mobile elements.The chlorite + tremolite + carbonate assemblages associated with ore lenses have immobile element ratios identical to those of the altered rhyolites. Carbonate-rich assemblages retain some relict spheroidal and rhombic textures in dolomite, which suggest formation at an early hydrothermal stage in a matrix of chlorite or in open spaces.The chlorite + tremolite + carbonate rocks probably represent metamorphic equivalents of hydrothermal chlorite + quartz + dolomite + calcite (or Mg smectite + quartz + dolomite + calcite) assemblages. The formation of tremolite by metamorphic reaction of quartz and dolomite is consistent with regional metamorphic conditions. With allowance for metamorphic decarbonation, carbon and oxygen isotope data from dolomite and calcite are consistent with precipitation of primary dolomite at 170°to 250°C from seawater-dominated fluid.The chlorite + tremolite + carbonate rocks at Thalanga are consequently reinterpreted as altered rhyolitic volcaniclastics, containing variable proportions of hydrothermal carbonate. They probably formed in a zone of mixing of hydrothermal fluid and seawater, in a permeable substrate close to the paleosea floor. Siliceous ironstones that are present in distal parts of some Thalanga ore lenses have very low immobile element contents and are probably true exhalites. West Extended West Thalanga Central Thalanga Vomacka East Thalanga Far East 500 m V = H FIG. 2. Vertical longitudinal projection showing distribution of Thalanga sulfide lenses.

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Section: Deposit Geologymentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Origin of Chlorite-Tremolite-Carbonate Rocks Associated with the Thalanga Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposit, North Queensland, Australia

Herrmann¹,

Hill²

2001

Economic Geology

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“…The volcanic host-rocks of the deposit belong to the Seventy Mile Range Group that forms a major east-west-trending relic of Cambro-Ordovician back-arc volcanism 165 km long at the northern end of the Tasman Fold Belt System (Henderson 1986, Berry et al 1992, Stolz 1995. The mineralization at Waterloo led to a relatively small high-grade base-metal resource of 0.372 Mt at 3.8% Cu, 19.7% Zn, 2.8% Pb, 94 g/t Ag, and 2 g/t Au (Berry et al 1992, Huston et al 1995. The blanket-like massive sulfide bodies are underlain by an extensive footwall alteration characterized by intensely altered and schistose rocks.…”

Section: Geological Background and Sample Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Phase-Analysis by the Rietveld Method Using X-Ray Powder-Diffraction Data: Application to the Study of Alteration Halos Associated With Volcanic-Rock-Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposits

Monecke

Köhler

Kleeberg

et al. 2001

The Canadian Mineralogist

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Quantitative determination of the mineralogical composition of hydrothermally altered rocks was performed by means of the Rietveld method using X-ray powder-diffraction data. Initially, experiments were carried out to minimize systematic errors arising from preferred orientation of particles as well as micro-absorption. The precision of the proposed method was tested by independent replicate sample-preparation and analyses. The closeness of the replicate phase-determinations showed that random within-laboratory errors were comparatively small. Expressed as chemical compositions, the quantitative results are in good agreement with the major oxide concentrations determined by X-ray fluorescence. The results indicate that the relative abundances of phases and refined element substitutions were accurately determined. The method developed was applied to hydrothermally altered rocks from the Waterloo volcanic-rock-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) deposit in Queensland, Australia. Hierarchical cluster analysis led to the discrimination of several mineralogically distinct alteration-induced assemblages. These mineral assemblages are characteristic of specific zones of alteration. The strong spatial zoning with respect to the mineralized body and the distinct mineralogical assemblages of the alteration halo are interpreted to result primarily from varying degrees of hydrolytic decomposition and potassium metasomatism of the wallrocks. Based on these results, we suggest that quantitative phase-analysis by the proposed method represents a new powerful tool in studies of alteration halos. SOMMAIRENous avons pu déterminer de façon quantitative la composition minéralogique de roches sujettes à une altération hydrothermale au moyen d'une analyse selon la méthode de Rietveld de traitement de données de diffraction X obtenues sur poudre. Au départ, les expériences ont porté sur une minimisation des erreurs systématiques dues à l'orientation préférentielle des particules et à la micro-absorption. La précision de notre méthode a pu être vérifiée par préparations et analyses répétées des échantillons. La concordance des résultats répétés portant sur la détermination des phases montre que les erreurs aléatoires intralaboratoire sont relativement petites. Exprimées en termes de compositions chimiques, les résultats quantitatifs concordent bien avec la proportion des éléments majeurs tels qu'établie par fluorescence X. Les résultats indiquent que les abondances relatives des phases et les schémas de substitutions d'éléments sont affinés avec justesse. Nous avons appliqué la méthode aux roches volcaniques altérées par voie hydrothermale au gisement de sulfures massifs de Waterloo, au Queensland, en Australie. Une analyse par groupements hiérarchique mène à la discrimination de plusieurs assemblages minéralogiques attribuables à l'altération hydrothermale. Ces assemblages sont caractéristiques de zones spécifiques réparties autour du gisement, et résulteraient surtout d'une altération plus-ou-moins avancée menant à la déstabilisation hydrol...

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“…The Puddler Creek Fm. consists of graded, fine-to medium-grained sandstone beds of 5 cm to 2.5 m thickness, interspersed with siltstones that are up to 4 m-thick (Henderson, 1986;Berry et al, 1992), similar to both the Les Jumelles beds and Mount McLaren beds.…”

Section: Cambrian-ordovician Stratigraphic Correlations In Eastern Aumentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochronology and stratigraphy of the Thomson Orogen, north-eastern Australia

Beckinsale¹

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Stratigraphy, structure, and volcanic-hosted mineralization of the Mount Windsor Subprovince, North Queensland, Australia

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

The Origin of Chlorite-Tremolite-Carbonate Rocks Associated with the Thalanga Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposit, North Queensland, Australia

The Origin of Chlorite-Tremolite-Carbonate Rocks Associated with the Thalanga Volcanic-Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposit, North Queensland, Australia

Quantitative Phase-Analysis by the Rietveld Method Using X-Ray Powder-Diffraction Data: Application to the Study of Alteration Halos Associated With Volcanic-Rock-Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposits

Thermochronology and stratigraphy of the Thomson Orogen, north-eastern Australia

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