Stratigraphic, Sedimentological and Faunal Evidence for the Occurrence of Pre-Sangamonian Artefacts in Northern Yukon

Jopling, Alan V.; Irving, William N.; Beebe, B. F.

doi:10.14430/arctic2499

Cited by 45 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…), caribou (Rangifer tarandus), giant beaver (Castoroides ohioensis), beaver (Castor canadensis), wolverine (Gulo gulo), and Jefferson's ground sloth (Megalonyx jeffersonii) (for a complete list, see SI Text). Bison fossils are absent, consistent with earlier in situ assemblages recovered from the site (27). The Old Crow tephra is present 14 m above the in situ fossils (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…S2-S4), consistent with a MIS 7 age. Bison fossils were absent not only from this stratigraphic level at CRH 11, but also from nearby sites of comparable age (27), suggesting that bison were not present in Yukon before MIS 6.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…To assess the chronology of bison presence in high-latitude northwest North America, we first characterized the in situ fossil assemblage and chronology at CRH 11 (27,28) and Ch'ijee's Bluff (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fossil and genomic evidence constrains the timing of bison arrival in North America

Froese

Stiller

Heintzman

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The arrival of bison in North America marks one of the most successful large-mammal dispersals from Asia within the last million years, yet the timing and nature of this event remain poorly determined. Here, we used a combined paleontological and paleogenomic approach to provide a robust timeline for the entry and subsequent evolution of bison within North America. We characterized two fossil-rich localities in Canada’s Yukon and identified the oldest well-constrained bison fossil in North America, a 130,000-y-old steppe bison, Bison cf. priscus. We extracted and sequenced mitochondrial genomes from both this bison and from the remains of a recently discovered, ∼120,000-y-old giant long-horned bison, Bison latifrons, from Snowmass, Colorado. We analyzed these and 44 other bison mitogenomes with ages that span the Late Pleistocene, and identified two waves of bison dispersal into North America from Asia, the earliest of which occurred ∼195–135 thousand y ago and preceded the morphological diversification of North American bison, and the second of which occurred during the Late Pleistocene, ∼45–21 thousand y ago. This chronological arc establishes that bison first entered North America during the sea level lowstand accompanying marine isotope stage 6, rejecting earlier records of bison in North America. After their invasion, bison rapidly colonized North America during the last interglaciation, spreading from Alaska through continental North America; they have been continuously resident since then.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Fossil and genomic evidence constrains the timing of bison arrival in North America

Froese

Stiller

Heintzman

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…2); they accumulated in the Old Crow and Bluefish Basins when eastward drainage was blocked by westward advance of the Laurentide Ice Sheet against the Richardson Mountains (Hughes 1972;Hughes et al 1981). Thus, Old Crow tephra forms an important local marker bed because of its relationship to fluctuations of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, and also because it occurs just below sediments that contain possible bone artifacts (Morlan and Matthews 1978;Morlan 1980;Jopling et al 1981).…”

Section: Old Crow Tephramentioning

confidence: 99%

Fission-track ages of late Cenozoic distal tephra beds in the Yukon Territory and Alaska

Naeser¹,

Westgate²,

Hughes³

et al. 1982

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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Six distal tephra beds from the Yukon Territory and Alaska have been dated by the fission-track method. Zircon and glass ages were determined for the Fort Selkirk and Lost Chicken tephra beds, but only glass ages for the others.Assuming that no track fading has occurred in the glass, Old Crow and Dawson tephra beds are younger than 120 000 and 52 000 years BP, respectively. Mosquito Gulch tephra is 1.22 Ma old, Fort Selkirk tephra is about 1 Ma old, the Ester Ash Bed is 0.45 Ma old, and the best estimate of the age of Lost Chicken tephra is the range 1.7–2.6 Ma.It is evident from these results and from the known abundance of tephra beds within late Cenozoic deposits of the Yukon Territory and Alaska that application of the fission-track method to distal tephra, in conjunction with detailed characterization studies, offers great potential for elucidation of the late Cenozoic geologic history of Alaska and the Yukon Territory.

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“…Since 1930, in fact, as many as 30 tons of these fossils have been freighted to national museums, unaccompanied, however, by much meaningful stratigraphic data recording their provenance (Péwé, 1975a). Pleistocene paleontologists working in Alaska and the Yukon have had, until recently, only the sketches of a small number of contemporary researchers to guide them to an understanding of the taphonomy of the Wisconsinan fauna (Weber et al, 1981;Jopling et al, 1981;Harington and Clulow, 1973;Péwé, 1975a;Guthrie, 1968a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Pleistocene Fauna of Lost Chicken Creek, Alaska

Porter¹

1988

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. The fossil remains of one invertebrate and 16 vertebrate genera have been recovered from late Quaternary sediments of a large placer gold mine in east-central Alaska. Forty-six of 1055 fossils were recovered in situ from nine stratigraphic units at the Lost Chicken Creek Mine, Alaska. The fossils range in age from approximately 1400 yr BP (Alces alces) to greater than 50 400 yr BP (Equus [Asinus] lambei, Rangifer rarandus, Ovibovini cf. Symbos cavifrons, andBisonpriscus). The assemblage includes an unusual Occurrence of gallinaceous birds (Lagopus sp., ptarmigan), wolverine (Gulo gulo), the extinct American lion (Pantheru leo arrox), collared lemmings (Dicrosronyx forquarus), and saiga antelope (Saiga rararica).Sediments at Lost Chicken Creek consist of 37 vertical m of sandy silt, pebbly sand, gravel and peat of fluvial, colluvial and eolian origins. Four episodes of fluvial deposition have alternated sequentially throughout the late Wisconsinan with periods of eolian deposition and erosion. Solifluction has created a disturbed biostratigraphy at the site, yielding a fauna that must be considered a thanatocoenosis. The stratigraphy of Lost Chicken Creek is strikingly similar in major features to that of two coeval Beringian localities: Canyon Creek and Eva Creek, Alaska.

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Stratigraphic, Sedimentological and Faunal Evidence for the Occurrence of Pre-Sangamonian Artefacts in Northern Yukon

Cited by 45 publications

References 26 publications

Fossil and genomic evidence constrains the timing of bison arrival in North America

Fossil and genomic evidence constrains the timing of bison arrival in North America

Fission-track ages of late Cenozoic distal tephra beds in the Yukon Territory and Alaska

Late Pleistocene Fauna of Lost Chicken Creek, Alaska

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