Stratigraphic continuity and fragmentary sedimentation: the success of cyclostratigraphy as part of integrated stratigraphy

Hilgen, F.J.; Hinnov, Linda A.; Aziz, Hayfaa Abdul; Abels, Hemmo A.; Batenburg, Sietske J.; Bosmans, Joyce; Boer, Bas de; Hüsing, Silja K.; Kuiper, Klaudia F.; Lourens, Lucas Joost; Rivera, Tiffany A.; Tuenter, E.; Wal, R. S. W. van de; Wotzlaw, Jörn‐Frederik; Zeeden, Christian

doi:10.1144/sp404.12

Cited by 91 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 284 publications

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“…Cyclostratigraphy is the subject of an extensive review herein by Hilgen et al (2014) that presents the successful analysis of chronologically wellcalibrated Neogene pelagic marine sections as support for the view that Milankovitch cyclicities are ubiquitous and therefore likely also to occur in older sequences and in continental facies that lack such time calibration. The corollary of their arguments is that the record has more long-term continuity than the 'more gap than record' paradigm claims.…”

Section: Cycles and Cyclostratigraphymentioning

confidence: 97%

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Strata and time: probing the gaps in our understanding

Smith¹,

Bailey²,

Burgess

et al. 2015

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Sedimentary strata are the paramount source of geohistorical information. The 'frozen accidents' of individual deposits preserve evidence of past physical, chemical and biological processes at the Earth's surface, while the spatial relationships between strata (especially superposition) yield successions of events through time. There is, however, no one-to-one relationship between strata and time, and the interpretation of the stratigraphic record depends on an understanding of its limitations. Stratigraphic continuity and completeness are unattainable ideals, and it is the departures from those ideals -the often cryptic gaps in the record -that provide both its characteristic texture and the principal challenge to its analysis. The existence of gaps is clearly demonstrated by consideration of accumulation rates, but identifying and quantifying them in the field is far more difficult, as is assessing their impact on the degree to which the stratigraphic record represents the environments and processes of the past. These issues can be tackled in a variety of ways, from empirical considerations based on classical field observations, to new ways of analysing data, to the generation and analysis of very large numbers of synthetic datasets. The range of approaches to the fundamental questions of the relationship between strata and time continues to expand and to challenge long-established practices and conventions.Superposed sedimentary strata are the most accessible routes into deep time, and acceptance of their historical significance was a major scientific breakthrough. Given that the study of strata has been undertaken in something like its modern form for over two centuries, stratigraphy as a scientific discipline might be expected to have stabilized, as perhaps is indicated by stratigraphy textbooks suggesting that the subject is widely regarded as boring. Yet if there is a problem with stratigraphy, it is the converse: its development is increasingly punctuated by paradigm shifts triggered by new theories (evolution; global tectonics; eustasy; orbital forcing of climate change) and technological breakthroughs (digital computing; continuous seismic profiling; isotopic methods in chronology and palaeoclimatology). With this accelerating progress, it has become increasingly clear that the stratigraphic record yields only snapshots of Earth's past surface processes -the 'frozen accidents' that give the record its character and its enduring fascination. 'Time is missing from sedimentary sequences on all scales . . . This discontinuity gives recorded planetary (geological) time a different architecture to human time' (Paola, C. 2003. Floods of record. Nature, 425, 459).Strata and Time: Probing the Gaps in our Understanding was the title of the Geological Society's William Smith Meeting for 2012. Its aim was to explore the relationship between the preserved sedimentary rock record and the passage of geological time, identifying, evaluating and updating the models that lie behind current stratigraphic method...

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Section: Cycles and Cyclostratigraphymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…As Hilgen et al (2014) point out, only the availability of sufficiently precise numerical dating of sediments could ever finally provide independent support for an orbital link with cyclic sedimentation. Such precision is rarely available and may never be available for the pre-Neogene record.…”

Section: Cycles and Cyclostratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Strata and time: probing the gaps in our understanding

Smith¹,

Bailey²,

Burgess

et al. 2015

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“…Extraction of the AM using statistical methods like those implemented in the astrochron package (Meyers, 2014) or the ENVELOPE (Schulz et al, 1999) routine are important for independently testing the visual recognition of cycle patterns (Hinnov, 2013;Hilgen et al, 2014). AM analysis on XRF core data using the ENVELOPE routine was applied at ODP Sites 1262 (52-60 Ma) and 1258 (47-54 Ma) records in Westerhold et al (2012) in order to search for the very long eccentricity minima.…”

Section: Statistical Evaluation and Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on our observations and the statistical analysis (Hinnov, 2013;Hilgen et al, 2014), we decided to fine-tune the records to the La2010b orbital solution (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Statistical Evaluation and Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astronomical calibration of the Ypresian timescale: implications for seafloor spreading rates and the chaotic behavior of the solar system?

et al. 2017

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Abstract. To fully understand the global climate dynamics of the warm early Eocene with its reoccurring hyperthermal events, an accurate high-fidelity age model is required. The Ypresian stage (56-47.8 Ma) covers a key interval within the Eocene as it ranges from the warmest marine temperatures in the early Eocene to the long-term cooling trends in the middle Eocene. Despite the recent development of detailed marine isotope records spanning portions of the Ypresian stage, key records to establish a complete astronomically calibrated age model for the Ypresian are still missing. Here we present new high-resolution X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning iron intensity, bulk stable isotope, calcareous nannofossil, and magnetostratigraphic data generated on core mate-

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“…Cycles corresponding to each of the main Milankovitch bands between 20 and 400 kyr are wellpreserved in appropriate settings in the geological record (Hinnov, 2013;Hilgen et al, 2015). Study of such cyclicity in pelagic sediments has provided a calibration of 40 Ar/ 39 Ar geochronology and the definitive age of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic boundary (Kuiper et al, 2008).…”

Section: Astronomical Forcing and The Time Interval Duration Of The Lcwimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Late Cryogenian Warm Interval, NE Svalbard: Chemostratigraphy and genesis

Fairchild

Bonnand²,

Davies

et al. 2016

Precambrian Research

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms At the base of E3, interstratification of cap carbonate with ice-rafted and redeposited glacial sediments occurs. Early diagenetic stabilization of carbonate mineralogy from a precursor, possibly ikaite, to calcite or dolomite is inferred. E3 is predominantly dolomitic silt-shale, with sub-millimetre lamination, lacking sand or current-related sedimentary structures. Thin fine laminae are partly pyritized and interpreted as microbial mats. Dolomite content is 25-50%, with δ 13 C values consistently around +4‰, a value attributed to buffering by dissolution of a precursor metastable carbonate phase. Local calcite cement associates with low δ 13 C values. The carbonates form silt-sized, chemically zoned rhombic crystals from an environment with dynamically changing Fe and Mn. Three-dimensional reconstructions of cm-scale disturbance structures indicate that they represent horizontally directed sock-like folds, developed by release of overpressure into thin surficial sediment overlying an early-cemented layer.A shoaling upwards unit near the top of E3 displays calcium sulphate pseudomorphs in dolomite in the north, but storm-dominated limestones in the south, both being overlain by peritidal oolitic dolomites, exposed under the succeeding Wilsonbreen glacial deposits. There is no Trezona δ 13 C anomaly, possibly implying top-truncation of the succession.Regular 0.5 m-scale sedimentary rhythms, reflecting subtle variations in sediment texture or composition occur throughout E3 and are interpreted as allocyclic. They are thought to be mainly primary in origin, locally modified slightly during early diagenetic cementation. Rhythms are proposed to represent ca. 18 kyr precession cycles, implying 6-8 Myr deposition between glaciations.

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Stratigraphic continuity and fragmentary sedimentation: the success of cyclostratigraphy as part of integrated stratigraphy

Cited by 91 publications

References 284 publications

Strata and time: probing the gaps in our understanding

Strata and time: probing the gaps in our understanding

Astronomical calibration of the Ypresian timescale: implications for seafloor spreading rates and the chaotic behavior of the solar system?

The Late Cryogenian Warm Interval, NE Svalbard: Chemostratigraphy and genesis

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