Stratified Optimization Strategy Used for Restoration With Photovoltaic-Battery Energy Storage Systems as Black-Start Resources

Abstract

With the rapid growth of installed capacity of photovoltaic (PV), the PV power stations equipped with energy storage (ES) have become a new type of black-start power supply. Taking the Photovoltaic-Battery Energy Storage Systems (PV-BESS) as the black-start power source can improve the black-start ability of the regional power grid and broaden the application prospect of PV power generation. In this paper, a stratified optimization strategy for black-start of PV-BESS is proposed, which combines the key issues in the process of black-start of PV-BESS. Stratified optimization strategy is divided into data analysis layer, optimization coordination layer and scheduling control layer. The data analysis layer combines the requirements of the black-start process. Firstly, the similarity matrix ranking method is used to improve the PV power prediction method. Secondly, based on probability inclination, the PV power index is designed to evaluate the feasibility of black-start by calculating the PV lower limit power and the executable probability inclination. The optimization coordination layer is based on the state space model of blackstart of PV-BESS, combined with the control strategy of PV as the main part and ES as the auxiliary part, the optimization objectives of the maximum utilization rate of PV and tracking the ideal value of state of charge (SOC) of ES is formulated. The optimal model is solved by model predictive control, and the output power of PV and ES is controlled to complete the black-start process. The actual historical data in the power grid with a high proportion of PV sources are used as the basic data for simulation. The simulation of black-start based on MATLAB/Simulink verifies the rationality of the stratified optimization strategy, which provides a reference for the realization of black-start of PV-BESS.

Assessing operational benefits of large‐scale energy storage in power system: Comprehensive framework, quantitative analysis, and decoupling method

“…Assessment framework is first proposed to evaluate ESS's impact on the traditional power system. Based on different utilized functions of ESS, the traditional framework divides its benefits into two parts: (a) energy transfer benefits, 1‐11 and (b) ancillary services benefits 12‐39 . Since the RE penetration in the traditional power system is relatively low, the evaluation of traditional energy transfer benefits mainly focuses on ESS's benefits in reducing the system operation cost.…”

“…Therefore, it can replace the function of thermal units in frequency regulation at a high quality and a relatively low cost. Var regulation benefit 18‐20 : ESS can be used for var compensation operation. So, ESS can replace special var compensation equipment, saving a large amount of cost. Black start benefit 30‐33 : ESS can be used as the black start power supply. Hence, it can accelerate system restoration to minimize the loss caused by the accident outage.…”

“…The well‐developed dynamic simulation methods are used to assess the benefits of dynamic frequency control supported by ESS. Finally, some researchers use ESS as black‐start resource and investigate its benefits in accelerating system restoration during extreme events 30,31 . Numerical results show that the optimal sizing and siting ESS can significantly enhance power system resilience against various high‐impact low‐probability incidents, such as earthquakes 32 and hurricanes 33 …”

Comparative Analysis of Photovoltaic Faults and Performance Evaluation of its Detection Techniques

“…These challenges are addressed in different ways by researchers. Still there is a need of comprehensive analysis of fault detection techniques in terms of limitations, advantages, detection time, complexity, and reliability as well as set of recommendations for researchers and manufacturers [10]. Typically, there are some non-current carrying parts in PV array, such as frame of PV module, mounting racks, distribution panels, metal enclosures, power converters and chassis of endues appliances [11].…”

An Efficient Algorithm for Power Prediction in PV Generation System

“…In order to obtain higher economic and social benefits, in recent years, scholars have carried out a lot of research on photovoltaic power generation prediction and achieved certain results, such as improving the PV optimal power flow, energy efficiency and transients optimization (Teng et al 2019), (Li et al 2019). Existing prediction methods can be roughly divided into two categories, namely physical methods and statistical methods (Xie et al 2018), (Das et al 2018), (Huang et al 2019).…”