Stratification and mixing in the Limfjorden in relation to mussel culture

Wiles, P. J.; Duren, Luca A. van; Häse, Clivia; Larsen, Jens Borggaard; Simpson, John H.

doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2005.09.009

Cited by 72 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In earlier work in a different part of the Limfjorden, Wiles et al (2006) found that solar radiation and wave stirring were the dominant mixing processes in the more exposed areas. Such processes will undoubtedly be spatially heterogeneous.…”

Section: Farm-driven Flow and Stratification Variationmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Although the wind speeds were mostly modest, on several occasions it exceeded 10 m s −1 . The first of the strong wind events was from the north (day of year [DOY] 146) and so the field site was well protected from direct effects, although delayed changes then result from baroclinic gradients (Wiles et al 2006). Following this, the site was exposed to a second wind event (DOY 149), which was from the WSW and so the site was less protected.…”

Section: Background Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3d) with a single event exceeding 30 cm s −1 (DOY 150). Generally speaking, this is insufficient to drive benthic boundary layer mixing strong enough to dominate other processes (Wiles et al 2006), but it will generate canopy-driven effects. Separation of tide and wind influence was difficult as the wind field appeared to be diurnally driven over the first half of the experiment.…”

Section: Currentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Turbulent, stratified flow through a suspended shellfish canopy: implications for mussel farm design

Stevens¹,

Petersen²

2011

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Observations were used to quantify the influences of turbulent flow and mixing through the suspended canopy formed by a shellfish aquaculture farm in the microtidal Danish Limfjorden. Observations included current meter/profiler timeseries data and turbulence microstructure profiling. The influence was 2-way in that the turbulence is partially driven by the canopy and in turn the canopy is affected by the turbulence. The canopy reduced the flow speeds within its interior, which was sufficient to reduce levels of turbulent kinetic energy so that withincanopy rates of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation ε were between 10 −8 and 5 × 10 −6 m 2 s −3. Stratification and turbulence were generally inter-related. It was difficult to link the canopy effect to changes in stratification. This was partly due to a high degree of natural variability and partly because the canopy did not appear to generate that much mixing relative to background variability. Vertical diffusivities enabled estimates of the effect of mixing on nutrient depletion and suggest that in the investigated farm set-up vertical diffusivities are secondary in terms of contribution to this relationship but that they could play a dominant role in farms with a more spacious or compressed set-up of canopies. However, vertical flux estimates imply that there must be transverse fluxes of material. Results suggest several avenues for enhanced sustainable shellfish production. For example, canopy flushing can be enhanced with suitable arrangement of crop within a farmed area (heterogeneity). In addition, stratification persists within the canopy and so exposure to nutrient-deplete water can be minimized through staggered crop heights. However, to benefit from this knowledge, improved understanding of long-term variability in the background environment is required.

show abstract

Section: Farm-driven Flow and Stratification Variationmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Background Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Currentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Turbulent, stratified flow through a suspended shellfish canopy: implications for mussel farm design

Stevens¹,

Petersen²

2011

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The fjord has a surface area of ∼ 1500 km 2 and a mean depth of 4.7 m (Olesen and Sandjensen, 1994;Wiles et al, 2006;Petersen et al, 2013). Funen is located between the Belt Seas in the transition zone where waters from Baltic Sea and Kattegat meet.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue carbon stocks in Baltic Sea eelgrass (<i>Zostera marina</i>) meadows

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Although seagrasses cover only a minor fraction of the ocean seafloor, their carbon sink capacity accounts for nearly one-fifth of the total oceanic carbon burial and thus play a critical structural and functional role in many coastal ecosystems. We sampled 10 eelgrass (Zostera marina) meadows in Finland and 10 in Denmark to explore seagrass carbon stocks (C org stock) and carbon accumulation rates (C org accumulation) in the Baltic Sea area. The study sites represent a gradient from sheltered to exposed locations in both regions to reflect expected minimum and maximum stocks and accumulation. The C org stock integrated over the top 25 cm of the sediment averaged 627 g C m −2 in Finland, while in Denmark the average C org stock was over 6 times higher (4324 g C m −2 ). A conservative estimate of the total organic carbon pool in the regions ranged between 6.98 and 44.9 t C ha −1 . Our results suggest that the Finnish eelgrass meadows are minor carbon sinks compared to the Danish meadows, and that majority of the C org produced in the Finnish meadows is exported. Our analysis further showed that > 40 % of the variation in the C org stocks was explained by sediment characteristics, i.e. dry density, porosity and silt content. In addition, our analysis show that the root : shoot ratio of Z. marina explained > 12 % and the contribution of Z. marina detritus to the sediment surface C org pool explained > 10 % of the variation in the C org stocks. The mean monetary value for the present carbon storage and carbon sink capacity of eelgrass meadows in Finland and Denmark, were 281 and 1809 EUR ha −1 , respectively. For a more comprehensive picture of seagrass carbon storage capacity, we conclude that future blue carbon studies should, in a more integrative way, investigate the interactions between sediment biogeochemistry, seascape structure, plant species architecture and the hydrodynamic regime.

show abstract

“…Mussels can thereby maintain filtration at current velocities up to 0.8 m s-1 (Widdows et al 2002). Furthermore, vertical mixing is enhanced by the roughness of the sea floor and thereby enhanced by the structural complexity of the mussel bed, thus exerting a positive feedback loop of mussels on their food transport (Fréchette et al 1989, Wiles et al 2006, Saurel et al 2013, Folmer et al 2014.…”

Section: Bottom-up: Food and Water Transport Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production efficiency of mussel bottom culture

Capelle

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stratification and mixing in the Limfjorden in relation to mussel culture

Cited by 72 publications

References 25 publications

Turbulent, stratified flow through a suspended shellfish canopy: implications for mussel farm design

Turbulent, stratified flow through a suspended shellfish canopy: implications for mussel farm design

Blue carbon stocks in Baltic Sea eelgrass (<i>Zostera marina</i>) meadows

Production efficiency of mussel bottom culture

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Stratification and mixing in the Limfjorden in relation to mussel culture

Cited by 72 publications

References 25 publications

Turbulent, stratified flow through a suspended shellfish canopy: implications for mussel farm design

Turbulent, stratified flow through a suspended shellfish canopy: implications for mussel farm design

Blue carbon stocks in Baltic Sea eelgrass (&lt;i&gt;Zostera marina&lt;/i&gt;) meadows

Production efficiency of mussel bottom culture

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Blue carbon stocks in Baltic Sea eelgrass (<i>Zostera marina</i>) meadows