Strategy to Enhance the Cycling Stability of the Metallic Lithium Anode in Li-Metal Batteries

Abstract

Based on the analysis of systematic research (density functional theory calculations, physical characterizations, and electrochemical performances), here, we report a novel mixture surface modification layer of LiC6&LiF, which can enhance the lithium-ion diffusion and decrease the local current density. This is beneficial to the improvement of cycling stability. As a result, the Li@LiC6&LiF-5/NCM half-cell possesses an excellent capacity retention of 94% after 100 cycles at 0.1C, with a capacity decay of only 0.06% per cycle. For comparison, the capacity retention of a pristine Li/NCM cell is only 9.3% after 100 cycles. Our study confirms that compositing the high ionic conductivity layer (e.g., LiC6&LiF for the first time) is a promising avenue to stabilize lithium-metal anodes. From this perspective, we concisely review recent discoveries in this field and suggest possible new research directions for further development of Li-metal batteries.

Identifying the positive role of lithium hydride in stabilizing Li metal anodes

“…2E ). The diffusion coefficient of Li + ( D Li ) of MgH 2 @G after complete lithiation is calculated to be around 1.49 × 10 −8 cm 2 s −1 , much higher than that of Mg@G (2.05 × 10 −9 cm 2 s −1 ), and the D Li of both MgH 2 @G and Mg@G is orders of magnitude higher than the self-diffusion coefficient of Li metal (10 −11 cm 2 s −1 ) ( 27 ). This demonstrates that the introduction of both LiMg alloys and LiH could promote the diffusion of Li ions inside the LiMg-LiH@G electrode.…”

Insights into Zn anode surface chemistry for dendrite-free Zn ion batteries

“…Therefore, the by-product layer cannot effectively prevent the electrolyte and expire the corrosion reaction with the Zn metal, dissimilar to the SEI layer produced on the Li metal surface in the organic electrolyte. 15,16 The composition of the by-product was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fig. 1f exhibits that the peaks at 23.8 , 29.3 , 29.6 and 34.0 correspond to the (111), (021), ( 113) and (120) planes of Zn 2 -SO 4 (OH) 2 (JCPDS: 73-1416), respectively.…”

Homogeneous and Fast Li-Ion Transport Enabled by a Novel Metal–Organic-Framework-Based Succinonitrile Electrolyte for Dendrite-Free Li Deposition

“…4−6 However, the uncontrollable Li dendrites induced by uneven Li deposition during the charge can generate "dead lithium", accompanied by capacity degradation and even internal short circuit, which severely plague the practical applications of Li metal batteries. 7−9 Despite many attempts to restrain Li dendrite growth in liquid electrolytes, comprising electrolyte additives, 10,11 building artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) films, 12,13 and employing new-type anodes, 14−16 the challenges of Li dendrites still exist in liquid electrolyte systems, requiring new materials and strategies to be developed.…”

“…With the rapid development of electronic vehicles and electronic equipment, high-energy-density batteries are identified as especially hopeful candidates to meet the increasing demands. − Given the low electrochemical potential (−3.04 V) and a superhigh theoretical capacity (3860 mAh g –1 ) of the Li metal anode, Li metal batteries are regarded as a good choice to extend the battery usage time. − However, the uncontrollable Li dendrites induced by uneven Li deposition during the charge can generate “dead lithium”, accompanied by capacity degradation and even internal short circuit, which severely plague the practical applications of Li metal batteries. − Despite many attempts to restrain Li dendrite growth in liquid electrolytes, comprising electrolyte additives, , building artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) films, , and employing new-type anodes, − the challenges of Li dendrites still exist in liquid electrolyte systems, requiring new materials and strategies to be developed.…”