Strategy of water desalination in the Gaza Strip

Sheikh, Rebhy El; Ahmed, Mohammad Razu; Hamdan, Sami M.

doi:10.1016/s0011-9164(03)00322-9

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Wastewater desalination is considered as one of the most practical methods to solve this problem. Currently, reverse osmosis (RO) is the dominating technology due to its intrinsic advantages including: high salt rejection, good efficiency, easy to be operated, and energy-saving (Abufayed et al 2003;Duong and Chung 2014;Sheikh et al 2003). After a lot of RO saline water desalination plants have been built, environmental problem caused by the disposal of high concentrated brine water from the RO process has drew much attention to the public (Hou et al 2017;Mitra et al 2009;Yang et al 2010;Yu et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of high-performance PVA/PAN composite pervaporation membranes crosslinked by PMDA for wastewater desalination

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2018

Pet. Sci.

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The pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was coated on top of the PAN ultrafiltration membrane to form a PVA/PAN composite PV membranes for wastewater desalination. The composite membranes have high application value in industrial wastewater treatment. By varying the membrane fabrication parameters including the weight percent (wt%) of the PMDA, the crosslink temperature and duration, membrane with the best desalination performance was obtained. The composite membrane with a 2-lm-thick PVA selective layer containing 20 wt% of PMDA and being crosslinked at 100°C for 2 h showed the highest NaCl rejection of 99.98% with a water flux of 32.26 L/(m 2 h) at 70°C using the 35,000 ppm NaCl aqueous solution as feed. FTIR spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscope have been used to characterize the structures and properties of both the crosslinked PVA dense films and PVA/PAN composite membranes. The effects of the concentrations of PMDA, the crosslinking time and temperature to the membrane water contact angle, swelling degree, salt rejection and water flux were systematically studied.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of high-performance PVA/PAN composite pervaporation membranes crosslinked by PMDA for wastewater desalination

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2018

Pet. Sci.

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“…Many neighbouring countries (e.g. Kuwait) successfully use desalinated seawater for drinking purposes [85][86][87]. There have been several modest attempts to implement seawater desalination operations, but these have not succeeded because of administrative, logistical, financial and technical barriers [84].…”

Section: Seawater Desalinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water scenarios in the Gaza Strip, Palestine: thirst, hunger and disease

Shomar

2011

International Journal of Environmental Studies

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This paper examines the interacting problems which govern poor access to quality drinking water, as well as the related problems of solid waste treatment and recycling. The need for a stable political resolution of the Israel-Palestine conflict is paramount. Although long-term solutions to the crisis require a regional political solution, there are several local activities that can reduce the degradation of water supplies and larger eco-systems. These include desalination of seawater and brackish water, water import and domestic water filtration units. The big problem is to allow the groundwater aquifer to recharge over time. Other problems -all caused by the unresolved conflict -are unemployment, land degradation, agriculture limitation, smuggling of pesticides and fertilisers, absence of monitoring and licensing, and the collapse of the political system.

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“…Water stress alleviation is a rising worldwide objective, particularly for certain regions of Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries, as is the case for Gaza [1][2][3] and for the outermost islands (such as the Canary Islands, Spain) [4][5][6]. Thus, desalination is becoming a more and more relevant industrial sector, with increasing competitiveness at both the economic and technical levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Main Technical and Economic Guidelines to Implement Wind/Solar-Powered Reverse-Osmosis Desalination Systems

2022

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The use of renewable energy for desalination started in the 1980s, in order to provide a sustainable water supply in windy/sunny areas with water shortages. Nevertheless, this initiative has been generally limited to the R&D field and prototypes, with few units operating under real conditions. The research tradition in this field carried out by the Canary Islands Institute of Technology, based on pilot facilities, resulted in wide expertise on practical issues, as well as a deep knowledge on the state of the art. This paper deals with the most relevant technical aspects to be considered in the optimal design and operation of wind/photovoltaic (PV)-powered reverse-osmosis (RO) systems, focusing on practical indications: appropriate pre-treatment, the use and selection of the RO energy recovery system (ERD), the selection of an energy storage system, key recommendations for the O&M actions in wind- and PV-powered RO systems (extracted from the experience of operating different units in remote locations (PV and RO) and coastal areas (wind and RO)), and an identification of the pros and cons of hybrid systems. A selection of economic data is given, indicating the main aspects of the minimization of the cost of water. Finally, the paper mentions the latest advances in the involved technologies.

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Strategy of water desalination in the Gaza Strip

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Fabrication of high-performance PVA/PAN composite pervaporation membranes crosslinked by PMDA for wastewater desalination

Fabrication of high-performance PVA/PAN composite pervaporation membranes crosslinked by PMDA for wastewater desalination

Water scenarios in the Gaza Strip, Palestine: thirst, hunger and disease

Main Technical and Economic Guidelines to Implement Wind/Solar-Powered Reverse-Osmosis Desalination Systems

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