Strategy of Search and Refinement by GA in 2-D Photonic Crystals With Absolute PBG

Coupling properties of directional couplers based on special waveguides

“…It consists on the calculation of the effective refractive indexes, n even and n odd , corresponding to the even and odd supermodes of the structure composed by the two parallel waveguides, respectively. The effective refractive indexes were obtained by using the frequency domain FEM with isoparametric second-order triangular elements [9]. The accuracy of the FEM applied to the modal analysis of periodic structures has been already demonstrated and has been largely reported in the literature [3,5,13,14].…”

“…The geometry of the waveguides can be arbitrary, i.e., rib waveguides, channel waveguides, optical fibers [1,2], photonic crystal waveguides [3], plasmonic waveguides [4], and ultralow refractive index metallic nanostructures [5,6]. In this letter, novel kind of waveguides called the periodic segmented waveguide (PSW) [7] and the silicon nanowires waveguides (SNW) [8] have been considered to be in close proximity in order to create a directional coupler and their coupling properties have been analyzed by an efficient frequency domain finite element method (FEM) [9]. The geometries of the couplers analyzed are shown in Figures 1(a) and 1(b).…”

“…The proposed couplers are promising candidates for sensor applications such as fluid or gas sensors due to the facility of interaction with fluids and gases which can easily change their coupling properties. The analysis of the coupling characteristics has been carried out by an efficient 2D FEM in the frequency domain with periodical boundary conditions of Bloch type in the propagation direction [9]. The 2D approach is in general adopted in order to reduce the computational effort and…”

Photonic Bandgap Inspection in 2-D Sublattices

“…Several numerical methods are used to compute the dispersion relation of these kinds of structures. In this study, we used the frequency-domain finite-element method (FEM) [9], [10]. The lattices used in this study are composed of circular elements as can be seen in Fig.…”

Inverse Design of Tapers by Bio-Inspired Algorithms

“…For the numerical modeling of these tapers, the FEM-2D formulation [9]- [12], is used to compute the field distribution and hence the coupled power can be obtained. On the other hand, the genetic algorithm (GA) and the artificial immune system (AIS) were used for the optimization of several photonic devices such as photonic crystals [11], [12], tapers in conventional waveguides [13], [14], and segmented tapers [1].…”