Strategy and management for the recycling of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) in the aircraft industry: a critical review

Vieira, Darli Rodrigues; Vieira, Raimundo Kennedy; Chain, Milena Chang

doi:10.1080/13504509.2016.1204371

Cited by 55 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Carbon fibre reinforced composite (CFRC) have been utilized increasingly in the aerospace, automotive, wind turbine industry (Vieira et al, 2017) and (Yu et al, 2016). This rapid use has elevated the environmental and economic concerns and raised awareness for recycling the CFRC waste.…”

Section: Cf Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review on recycling of end-of-life carbon fibre/glass fibre reinforced composites waste using pyrolysis towards a circular economy

Naqvi

Prabhakara

Bramer

et al. 2018

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

286

153

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The rapid utilization of carbon fibre reinforced composite (CFRC) and glass fibre reinforced composite (GFRC) in main sectors, such as automobile, aerospace, wind turbines, boats and sport parts, has gained much attention because of its high strength, light weight and impressive mechanical properties. Currently, the increasing amount and handling of composite waste at their end-of-life (EoL) has a negative impact on resources conservation and the environment. Pyrolysis, a two-step process, appeared as most viable process to recover not only valuable materials but also produce fuel and chemicals. However, the testing facilities and optimized operation of composite waste in pyrolysis processes to produce materials with low energy consumption and acceptable mechanical properties are still under development and discussion before commercialization. The aim of this article is to review the studies on CFRC/GFRC recycling via pyrolysis processes and highlight their technical challenges and re-use possibilities in high performance composites. The forthcoming commercialization challenges and respective market potential to recyclates using the pyrolysis process will be addressed. This study will also introduce the strong connection between recycling and re-usability of fibres which would help to explain the concept of circular economy and cradle-to-cradle approach. Finally, based on updated studies and critical analysis, research gaps in the recycling treatments of fibrous composite waste using pyrolysis processes are discussed with recommendations.

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Section: Cf Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review on recycling of end-of-life carbon fibre/glass fibre reinforced composites waste using pyrolysis towards a circular economy

Naqvi

Prabhakara

Bramer

et al. 2018

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

286

153

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…BMW has succeeded in applying a high-pressure resin transfer moulding process to the automated rapid production of lightweight composite components, which are intended for achieving weight reductions for its electric car models 5 , 6 . However, because of the potential difficulties with repairing or recycling CFRP composites that are based on a thermosetting epoxy matrix, there is much interest in CFRP composites that are fabricated using easily repairable and recyclable thermoplastic resins 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When engineered thermoplastics are applied to CFRP composites, the high melt viscosity of thermoplastic resins may cause a critical problem by keeping the continuous carbon structures from being impregnated 7 , 8 . A recent method proposed to make up for this problem by using the ring-opening, polymerizable and low-viscosity cyclic butylene terephthalate (CBT) resin, which is a macrocyclic oligomer, for the fabrication of thermoplastic CFRP composites 9 , 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When heated above 150 °C, CBT molecules melt and impregnate CF fabrics with a low viscosity of 0.02 Pa·s. With further heating above 170 °C, they polymerize to form thermoplastic CFRP composites 7 – 9 . Among the various macrocyclic oligomers, CBT oligomers are promising because of their low viscosity, good mechanical properties and usefulness in various applications 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrically and Thermally Conductive Carbon Fibre Fabric Reinforced Polymer Composites Based on Nanocarbons and an In-situ Polymerizable Cyclic Oligoester

Jang

Park

Lee

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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There is growing interest in carbon fibre fabric reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites based on a thermoplastic matrix, which is easy to rapidly produce, repair or recycle. To expand the applications of thermoplastic CFRP composites, we propose a process for fabricating conductive CFRP composites with improved electrical and thermal conductivities using an in-situ polymerizable and thermoplastic cyclic butylene terephthalate oligomer matrix, which can induce good impregnation of carbon fibres and a high dispersion of nanocarbon fillers. Under optimal processing conditions, the surface resistivity below the order of 10+10 Ω/sq, which can enable electrostatic powder painting application for automotive outer panels, can be induced with a low nanofiller content of 1 wt%. Furthermore, CFRP composites containing 20 wt% graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were found to exhibit an excellent thermal conductivity of 13.7 W/m·K. Incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes into CFRP composites is more advantageous for improving electrical conductivity, whereas incorporating GNPs is more beneficial for enhancing thermal conductivity. It is possible to fabricate the developed thermoplastic CFRP composites within 2 min. The proposed composites have sufficient potential for use in automotive outer panels, engine blocks and other mechanical components that require conductive characteristics.

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“…Therefore, in engineering, processor can ameliorate the mechanical properties of the polymer by adding fibers reinforcements, which is able to improve its strength and stiffness significantly [7]. Fiber-reinforced polymer can be broadly used for manufacturing industry such as civil construction, power electronics circuit boards, ships, wind turbine blades, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and automotive [8,9]. However, polymer filaments required for 3D printing demand optimum mechanical properties, flexibility, thermal stability, and proper melt viscosity being capable of passing through the printer nozzle [10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Reconstruction Algorithm on the Identification of 3D Printing Polymers Based on Hyperspectral CT Technology Combined with Artificial Neural Network

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2020

Materials

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Hyperspectral X-ray CT (HXCT) technology provides not only structural imaging but also the information of material components therein. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of various reconstruction algorithms on reconstructed X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of components shown in the CT image by means of HXCT. In this paper, taking 3D printing polymer as an example, seven kinds of commonly used polymers such as thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), carbon fiber reinforced polyamide (PA-CF), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), ultraviolet photosensitive resin (UV9400), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were selected as samples for hyperspectral CT reconstruction experiments. Seven kinds of 3D printing polymer and two interfering samples were divided into a training set and test sets. First, structural images of specimens were reconstructed by Filtered Back-Projection (FBP), Algebra Reconstruction Technique (ART) and Maximum-Likelihood Expectation-Maximization (ML-EM). Secondly, reconstructed XAS were extracted from the pixels of region of interest (ROI) compartmentalized in the images. Thirdly, the results of principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that the first four principal components contain the main features of reconstructed XAS, so we adopted Artificial Neural Network (ANN) trained by the reconstructed XAS expressed by the first four principal components in the training set to identify that the XAS of corresponding polymers exist in both of test sets from the training set. The result of ANN displays that FBP has the best performance of classification, whose ten-fold cross-validation accuracy reached 99%. It suggests that hyperspectral CT reconstruction is a promising way of getting image features and material features at the same time, which can be used in medical imaging and nondestructive testing.

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Strategy and management for the recycling of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) in the aircraft industry: a critical review

Cited by 55 publications

References 36 publications

A critical review on recycling of end-of-life carbon fibre/glass fibre reinforced composites waste using pyrolysis towards a circular economy

A critical review on recycling of end-of-life carbon fibre/glass fibre reinforced composites waste using pyrolysis towards a circular economy

Electrically and Thermally Conductive Carbon Fibre Fabric Reinforced Polymer Composites Based on Nanocarbons and an In-situ Polymerizable Cyclic Oligoester

Effect of Reconstruction Algorithm on the Identification of 3D Printing Polymers Based on Hyperspectral CT Technology Combined with Artificial Neural Network

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