Strategies used by two apterous strains of the pea aphid <i>Acyrthosiphon pisum</i> for passive dispersal

Zhang, Yi; Wang, Xingxing; Zhu, Jing-Yun; Zhang, Zhan-Feng; Tian, He; Liu, Tong‐Xian

doi:10.1242/bio.018903

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(65 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In turn, greater A. pisum per capita reproduction led to an increased proportion of individuals off of source plants, an indicator of increased plant-to-plant movement. Prior studies show that when A. pisum individuals reach high densities on plants, crowding can exacerbate plant-to-plant movement or alate production [44,45]. Disease ecology models show that the prevalence of persistent pathogens can increase in response to density-dependent movement [46] or when vectors increase plant-to-plant movement in response to interactions with competitors [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-mediated interactions between a vector and a non-vector herbivore promote the spread of a plant virus

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Herbivores that transmit plant pathogens often share hosts with non-vector herbivores. These co-occurring herbivores can affect vector fitness and behaviour through competition and by altering host plant quality. However, few studies have examined how such interactions may both directly and indirectly influence the spread of a plant pathogen. Here, we conducted field and greenhouse trials to assess whether a defoliating herbivore ( Sitona lineatus ) mediated the spread of a plant pathogen, Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV), by affecting the fitness and behaviour of Acrythosiphon pisum , the PEMV vector. We observed higher rates of PEMV spread when infectious A. pisum individuals shared hosts with S. lineatus individuals. Using structural equation models, we showed that herbivory from S. lineatus increased A. pisum fitness, which stimulated vector movement and PEMV spread. Moreover, plant susceptibility to PEMV was indirectly enhanced by S. lineatus , which displaced A. pisum individuals to the most susceptible parts of the plant. Subsequent analyses of plant defence genes revealed considerable differences in plant phytohormones associated with anti-herbivore and anti-pathogen defence when S. lineatus was present. Given that vectors interact with non-vector herbivores in natural and managed ecosystems, characterizing how such interactions affect pathogens would greatly enhance our understanding of disease ecology.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-mediated interactions between a vector and a non-vector herbivore promote the spread of a plant virus

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The body-color polyphenism (red and green) may be related to carotenoids composition rather than the level of total carotenoids content (Moran and Jarvik, 2010; Tsuchida, 2016). The differences of total carotenoids in the two-color forms of A. pisum are probably associated with biological and ecological adaptations, such as host location, energy reserves, and probing behavior (Tsuchida, 2016; Zhang et al, 2016), which will require further study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase Gene in Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Its Association With Carotenoid Biosynthesis

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carotenoids play many crucial roles in organisms. Recently, the de novo synthesis of carotenoids has been reported in pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) through horizontally transferred genes. However, their upstream pathway in the pea aphid is poorly understood. Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) is the functional enzyme in the synthesis of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) which is a precursor for the biosynthesis of many biological metabolites, including carotenoid synthesis. In this study, we performed a series of experiments to characterize GGPPS gene and its association with carotenoid biosynthesis. (1) determining the transcript abundance and carotenoid content in two geographical strain with red and green morphs, and (2) examining the abundance of carotenoid related genes and carotenoid levels after silencing of GGPPS in both red and green morphs. We observed that GGPPS was more highly expressed in the green morph than in the red morph of two strains of the pea aphid. The total level of carotenoids was also higher in green morphs than in red morphs in both strains. In addition to the total carotenoid difference, the carotenoids found in the two morphs also differed. There were α-carotene, β-carotene, and γ-carotene in the green morphs, but three additional carotenoids, including cis-torulene∗, trans-torulene∗, and 3,4-didehydrolycopene∗, were present in the red morphs. Silencing the GGPPS by RNAi in both the red and green morphs decreased the expression of some carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes, including carotenoid synthase/cyclase genes and carotenoid desaturase genes in green morphs. Carotenoid levels were decreased in both green and red morphs. However, the specific carotenoids present were not changed after silencing GGPPS. These results demonstrated that GGPPS may act as the upstream enzyme to influence the synthesis of the total amount of carotenoids. The present study provided important molecular evidence for the conserved roles of GGPPS associated with carotenoids biosynthesis and will enhance further investigation on the mechanisms of carotenoid biosynthesis in pea aphid.

show abstract

“…Silencing of CdeB prolonged nymph development duration in the present generation, altered the body weight and age structure, and significantly decreased the total aphid population number. Several studies have suggested that the red pigment could be used as a backup energy source that influences body length, body weight, finding of new hosts, and starvation resistance …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental silencing of a horizontally transferred carotenoid desaturase gene causes a reduction of red pigment and fitness in the pea aphid

Ding

Niu

Shang

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND: Aphids obtained carotenoid biosynthesis genes via horizontal gene transfers from fungi. However, the roles of these genes in the contributions of in aphids'adaptation and whether these genes could be used as RNAi-based pest control targets are not yet clear. Thus, in this study we used parental RNAi to analyze the potential function of a carotenoid desaturase gene (CdeB) by combined molecular and chemical approaches in the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum).RESULTS: Transcriptional analyses showed that CdeB was significantly more highly expressed in the red morphs compared to the green ones and was associated with the production of red carotenoid. Co-transferring of pET28a-CdeB (the CdeB gene was cloned into pET28a) and pACCRT-EIB (produced lycopene) showed a deep red color in the bacterial precipitate and produced more of a red pigment, lycopene, in vitro. Parental gene-silencing of CdeB resulted in a lower body color intensity in the treated aphids and following generations in vivo. Interestingly, the dsCdeB treatment also reduced aphid performance as reflected by a delay in nymphal developmental duration, lower weight, smaller number, and altered age structure of the population.CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that CdeB is involved in red color formation and the silencing of this gene by parental RNAi reduced fitness in the pea aphid. The results enhance our understanding of the biosynthesis of carotenoid in aphids and provide insights into the potential ecological significance of carotenoids in the adaptation of the aphid's biology to the environment and developing environmentally friendly control strategies for this pest. (Wang) † These authors contributed equally to this work.

show abstract

Strategies used by two apterous strains of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum for passive dispersal

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Plant-mediated interactions between a vector and a non-vector herbivore promote the spread of a plant virus

Plant-mediated interactions between a vector and a non-vector herbivore promote the spread of a plant virus

Characterization of the Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase Gene in Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Its Association With Carotenoid Biosynthesis

Parental silencing of a horizontally transferred carotenoid desaturase gene causes a reduction of red pigment and fitness in the pea aphid

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About