Strategies to reduce the flammability of organic phase change Materials: A review

Png, Zhuang Mao; Soo, Xiang Yun Debbie; Chua, Ming Hui; Ong, Pin Jin; Suwardi, Ady; Tan, Chee Kiang Ivan; Xu, Jianwei; Zhu, Qiang

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2021.11.057

Cited by 66 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 121 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…From a materials perspective, the performance of the thermoelectric can be altered using various methods due to the different components contributing to a single parameter. For instance, thermal conductivity comprises lattice (κ lat ), bipolar (κ bi ), and electrical (κ ele ) components [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Much of the work in decreasing thermal conductivity is aimed towards κ lat , utilizing strategies such as downscaling and isovalent substitution, which hinder the transport of heat-carrying acoustic phonons [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Thermoelectric Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Recycled Silicon and Silicon-Based Thermoelectrics for Power Generation

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thermoelectrics can convert waste heat to electricity and vice versa. The energy conversion efficiency depends on materials figure of merit, zT, and Carnot efficiency. Due to the higher Carnot efficiency at a higher temperature gradient, high-temperature thermoelectrics are attractive for waste heat recycling. Among high-temperature thermoelectrics, silicon-based compounds are attractive due to the confluence of light weight, high abundance, and low cost. Adding to their attractiveness is the generally defect-tolerant nature of thermoelectrics. This makes them a suitable target application for recycled silicon waste from electronic (e-waste) and solar cell waste. In this review, we summarize the usage of high-temperature thermoelectric generators (TEGs) in applications such as commercial aviation and space voyages. Special emphasis is placed on silicon-based compounds, which include some recent works on recycled silicon and their thermoelectric properties. Besides materials design, device designing considerations to further maximize the energy conversion efficiencies are also discussed. The insights derived from this review can be used to guide sustainable recycling of e-waste into thermoelectrics for power harvesting.

show abstract

Section: Thermoelectric Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Recycled Silicon and Silicon-Based Thermoelectrics for Power Generation

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The ability of PCMs to operate within narrow temperature intervals at tunable temperature ranges makes them useful in areas such as batteries, electronics, healthcare, construction, , logistics transportation, etc. In addition, energy stored by PCMs can complement other technologies such as maintaining a thermal gradient for thermoelectric devices − and heating for water storage tanks. , The versatility and green aspect of PCMs have garnered great interest from researchers, leading to a wide range of PCM-related research especially in PCM property enhancement and solutions to tackle its limitations. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid UV-Curable Form-Stable Polyethylene-Glycol-Based Phase Change Material

Soo

Png

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thermal regulation and waste heat energy harvesting have been a concern in different industries, including the electronics sector that sees an increasing usage with technological advancement and automation. A form-stable phase change material (FSPCM) is an excellent solution to the problem, where device temperatures can be regulated without any PCM leakage. However, most FSPCMs are generally too stiff and bulky for coating onto delicate component parts, and their integration does not fit easily in a segment of a manufacturing line. Therefore, a UV-curable formstable polyethylene-glycol (PEG)-based PCM was investigated with trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate (TMPEOTA) as the UV matrix to present a fast-curing and coatable PCM for irregular surfaces. PEG composites of four different molecular weights, i.e., PEG 400, PEG 750, PEG 1050, and PEG 2050, were successfully fabricated with 50−80% PEG loading in TMPEOTA. UV curing was achieved instantaneously, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry confirmed the success with the disappearance of the distinct CC peak at 1620 cm −1 . All samples were found to be form-stable even at temperatures above their melting point, with matrix features present and no liquid observed by optical microscopy, suggesting a solid−solid phase transition. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measured the phase change temperature to be tunable between 2 and 48 °C depending on the molecular weight of the PEG employed, and the enthalpy change of melting achieved a maximum of 117 J g −1 . Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) also validated their thermal stability up to 150 °C. These UV-curable FSPCMs would be useful in providing a thermal regulatory coating or complex 3D-printed shapes.

show abstract

“…Many groups have attempted to overcome the flammability of organic PCMs by various means. 22 Briefly, these strategies include incorporating and optimizing different fire retardants into the bulk material, 23,24 incorporating fire retardants in a so called “form-stable” matrix, 25–28 or by microencapsulation of the PCM with flame retardants. 29 These strategies have met with varying degrees of success, with evidence of reduced flammability such as in the reduction of peak heat release rate (pHRR) (obtained by cone calorimetry), increase in limiting oxygen index (LOI), increase in ignition time, or in reduction in self-extinguishing timings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triazine derivatives as organic phase change materials with inherently low flammability

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Strategies to reduce the flammability of organic phase change Materials: A review

Cited by 66 publications

References 121 publications

Potential of Recycled Silicon and Silicon-Based Thermoelectrics for Power Generation

Potential of Recycled Silicon and Silicon-Based Thermoelectrics for Power Generation

Rapid UV-Curable Form-Stable Polyethylene-Glycol-Based Phase Change Material

Triazine derivatives as organic phase change materials with inherently low flammability

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About