Strategies to mitigate the shuttle effect in room temperature sodium–sulfur batteries: improving cathode materials

Abstract

Room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries (RT-Na/S batteries) with high reversible capacity (1675 mAh g−1) and excellent energy density (1274 Wh kg−1) based on abundant resources of metal Na have become a research...

A pillar-layered Ni2P–Ni5P4–CoP array derived from a metal–organic framework as a bifunctional catalyst for efficient overall water splitting

“…The OER, involving a complex four-electron transfer, usually acts as a 'bottleneck' for efficient overall water splitting. 50 Herein, Ni 2 P-Ni 5 P 4 -CoP-C/NF is proved to be an ideal electrocatalyst towards the OER in the same alkaline solution. Specifically, the LSV curves shown in Fig.…”

Constructing novel hydrated metal molten salt with high self-healing as the anode material for lithium-ion batteries

“…5b and c. eqn (1) is used to find out the relationship between the testing current i and scanning rate v. Also, the values of a and b are adjustable parameters, and their values are obtained from the relationship between log i and log v in eqn (2). This quantitative analysis is used to determine whether lithium ion charge storage is determined by capacity control or diffusion control.…”

“…The shortage of coal, oil, natural gas and other non-renewable energy sources as well as the increasing environmental pollution have prompted people to speed up the search for new energy systems 1,2 that are environmentally friendly, low cost, and can meet the needs of economic development with high energy density and excellent cycle stability. 3,4 Under the current background, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as a new energy system, have a broad application prospect and potential huge economic benefits because of their advantages of high voltage, high energy, good cycle performance, small self-discharge and no memory effect, 5,6 thus becoming a research and development hotspot all over the world.…”

Na2S Cathodes Enabling Safety Room Temperature Sodium Sulfur Batteries

“…Moreover, the shuttle effect of sodium polysulfides during the charging and discharging processes also will lead to limited capacity, low Coulombic efficiency, and shorter cycle life in these RT-Na/S batteries. Moreover, the first energy barrier usually requires a high activation voltage, typically exceeding 3.5 V. [60][61][62] What's more, the insulating nature of Na 2 S often leads to its aggregation on the electrode surface. Additionally, during the sulfur evolution reaction, the high activation energy barrier for Na 2 S dissociation hinders its decomposition.…”