Strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in intensively managed vegetable cropping systems in subtropical Australia

Rashti, Mehran Rezaei; Wang, Weijin; Harper, Stephen; Moody, P. W.; Chen, Chengrong; Ghadiri, Hossein; Reeves, S.

doi:10.1071/sr14355

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…These values are considerably lower than the default IPCC values of 1% (IPCC 2006) but are similar in those determined by Rashti et al (2015). Because gas measurements in the current work were not continued post-harvest, this may have resulted in an underestimation of the true total emissions from treatments.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 39%

“…Estimated average daily N 2 O fluxes from inorganic fertiliser over the period from planting to harvest in the current trials were in the range 1.2-6.9 g ha -1 day -1 N 2 O-N, which are higher than those previously observed in lettuce (1.0-3.0 g ha -1 day -1 ) (Rashti et al 2015) and broccoli (0.33-0.97 g ha -1 day -1 ) ) trials in sub-tropical Australia. When poultry manure was applied to soil, N 2 O fluxes were~4-fold greater than emissions from inorganic fertilisers for the whole plot area (and up to 10 times greater for the chamber area), with approximately double the N application rate for manure respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…In trial 1, when treatments were sampled late in the season and N 2 O fluxes had dropped to near background levels before sampling ended, the flux rate of the last three sampling points were assumed to be constant through to harvest to calculate cumulative emissions for the entire cropping period. Direct N 2 O emission factors for fertiliser and manure treatments (proportion of applied N emitted as N 2 O) were calculated by subtracting the N 2 O emission from the control treatment as the background emission (Rashti et al 2015).…”

Section: N 2 O Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions with nitrification inhibitors in temperate vegetable cropping in southern Australia

Riches

Mattner²,

Davies³

et al. 2016

Soil Res.

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Abstract. Intensive vegetable production in southern Australia is characterised by high inputs of nitrogen (N) fertiliser, water, and occasionally animal manures, which creates the potential for high nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. Three field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the nitrification inhibitors 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), 3-methyl pyrazole plus 1H-1,2,4 triazole (3MP+TZ), and dicyandiamide (DCD) on N 2 O emissions and yields in broccoli (Brassica oleracea), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) crops in southern Australia. The inhibitor treatments on fertilisers and poultry manure were compared with standard commercial practice for vegetable crops in this region, and N 2 O emissions were measured using manual chambers through to harvest. Daily fluxes ranged from 0.81 g N 2 O-N ha , respectively. Cumulative soil N 2 O fluxes from the manure treatments were~4-fold greater than the standard inorganic fertiliser program for a given crop. Nitrous oxide direct emission factors were in the range 0.02-0.16% for inorganic fertilisers and from 0.19% to 0.43% for poultry manure. The greatest decrease in N 2 O emissions occurred when DMPP or a combination of 3MP+TZ were added to poultry manure (62% and 66% decrease, respectively). Decreases in N 2 O emissions from nitrification inhibitors were smaller and less consistent when used with inorganic fertilisers, but DMPP decreased emissions in two out of three trials, with a maximum decrease of 32% observed in the broccoli trial. DCD proved ineffective for mitigating N 2 O emissions in all trials.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 39%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Section: N 2 O Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions with nitrification inhibitors in temperate vegetable cropping in southern Australia

Riches

Mattner²,

Davies³

et al. 2016

Soil Res.

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“…Nitrous oxide emissions showed a linear trend over the first hour of the measurement period. The emissions for days without gas sampling were estimated using the arithmetic mean of the measurements on the two closest days (Rezaei Rashti et al, 2015). Cumulative N 2 O emissions during the 90-day pot experiment were calculated by linear integration of daily fluxes.…”

Section: Gas Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

High pyrolysis temperature biochars reduce nitrogen availability and nitrous oxide emissions from an acid soil

et al. 2018

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Biochar–bioenergy coproduction from biomass pyrolysis has the potential to contribute to climate change mitigation. Biochar produced at various pyrolysis temperatures (<600°C) has been widely studied. However, the effect of biochars, produced at high pyrolysis temperature (≥600°C), on soil nitrogen (N) dynamics and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission is largely unknown. A pot trial was performed to examine the effect of high pyrolysis temperature (600, 700, 850 and 950°C) woody biochars on soil N dynamics, microbial gene abundance and N2O emissions with (+N) and without N (−N) fertilization from an acid soil. Results showed that all biochar treatments significantly lowered the N2O emissions in both fertilized and unfertilized regimes. However, the suppressive effect on N2O emission among different high pyrolysis temperatures was not statistically different. Biochar amendment significantly decreased the concentration of soil NH4+, and lower levels of soil NO3− were observed at the later stage of experiment. Under −N, plant biomass and N uptake were significantly lowered in all biochar treatments. Under +N, biochar addition significantly increased plant biomass, while only the 700°C biochar significantly increased N uptake. This suggests that single application of biochar could limit soil mineral N bioavailability and further decrease plant growth and N uptake in the plant–soil system. Biochar amendments tended to increase nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ) gene abundance, but this effect was only significant for biochar produced at 950°C under +N. In conclusion, high pyrolysis temperature biochars can be effectively used to reduce N2O emission, while increases in nosZ gene abundance and decreases in NH4+ and NO3− concentrations in the acid soil are likely to be responsible for the reduction in N2O emission. Thus, woody biochars as a by‐product produced at high pyrolysis temperature have the potential to mitigate soil N2O emission via modifying N transformation and further affect climate change.

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“…Thus the irrigation management used across the four sites, which was based on objective soil water measures, would have minimised anaerobic soil conditions. This reduces the likelihood of denitrification being a major pathway for N 2 O emissions (Russow et al 2000;Rashti et al 2015). Instead, it is likely that nitrification is the main pathway for N 2 O emissions as oxygen availability is generally not limiting for the soil microorganisms when WFP is below 60-70% (Bollmann and Conrad 1998).…”

Section: Temporal and Spatial Variability Of N 2 O Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmarking nitrous oxide emissions in deciduous tree cropping systems

Swarts

Montagu²,

Oliver

et al. 2016

Soil Res.

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Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions contribute 6% of the global warming effect and are derived from the activity of soil-based microorganisms involved in nitrification and denitrification processes. There is a paucity of greenhouse gas emissions data for Australia's horticulture industry. In this study we investigated N 2 O flux from two deciduous fruit tree crops, apples and cherries, in two predominant growing regions in eastern Australia, the Huon Valley in southern Tasmania (Lucaston -apples and Lower Longley -cherries), and high altitude northern New South Wales (Orange -apples and Young -cherries). Estimated from manual chamber measurements over a 12-month period, average daily emissions were very low ranging from 0.78 g N 2 O-N ha -1 day -1 in the apple orchard at Lucaston to 1.86 g N 2 O-N ha -1 day -1 in the cherry orchard in Lower Longley. Daily emissions were up to 50% higher in summer (maximum 5.27 g N 2 O-N ha -1 day -1 at Lower Longley) than winter (maximum 2.47 g N 2 O-N ha -1 day -1 at Young) across the four trial orchards. N 2 O emissions were~40% greater in the inter-row than the tree line for each orchard. Daily flux rates were used as a loss estimate for annual emissions, which ranged from 298 g N 2 O-N ha -1 year -1 at Lucaston to 736 g N 2 O-N ha -1 year -1 at Lower Longley. Emissions were poorly correlated with soil temperature, volumetric water content, water filled porosity, gravimetric water content and matric potential -with inconsistent patterns between sites, within the tree line and inter-row and between seasons. Stepwise linear regression models for the Lucaston site accounted for less than 10% of the variance in N 2 O emissions, for which soil temperature was the strongest predictor. N 2 O emissions in deciduous tree crops were among the lowest recorded for Australian agriculture, most likely due to low rates of N fertiliser, cool temperate growing conditions and highly efficient drip irrigation systems. We recommend that optimising nutrient use efficiency with improved drainage and a reduction in soil compaction in the inter-row will facilitate further mitigation of N 2 O emissions.

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Strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in intensively managed vegetable cropping systems in subtropical Australia

Cited by 16 publications

References 42 publications

Mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions with nitrification inhibitors in temperate vegetable cropping in southern Australia

Mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions with nitrification inhibitors in temperate vegetable cropping in southern Australia

High pyrolysis temperature biochars reduce nitrogen availability and nitrous oxide emissions from an acid soil

Benchmarking nitrous oxide emissions in deciduous tree cropping systems

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