“…14,15 Under the same conditions, an exothermic reaction will occur faster than an endothermic reaction, the enthalpies of reaction for P + and S + with O 2 are negative (À3.17 and À0.34 eV, respectively), and for Si with O 2 is slightly positive (0.11 eV). 16 Thus, this strategy has been used to determine oxides of these elements under cool plasma conditions, [17][18][19] and as reaction products using collision and reaction interfaces. [20][21][22] Yang and Jiang used a quadrupole-based dynamic and reaction cell (DRC) and O 2 gas ow in the DRC chamber to promote the Si, P and S oxide ion formation for further determination in steel samples.…”