Strategies to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for biorefinery applications: A review

Saini, Jitendra Kumar; Himanshu, .; Hemansi,; Kaur, Amanjot; Mathur, Aayush

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127517

Cited by 57 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…But because lignin acts as a significant barrier to the existing carbohydrates, pretreatment is an extremely important step in the processing of biomass in order to disrupt lignin and hemicellulose for efficient hydrolysis of cellulose in the following stage. Pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation are the three primary processes in the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into bioethanol [25][26][27].…”

Section: Conversion Of Agricultural and Agro-industrial Residues Into...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Enzyme Systems in the Production of Second Generation Bioethanol

Soni¹,

Sharma²,

Soni³

2022

Preprint

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The primary contributor to global warming has been the careless usage of fossil fuels. Urbanization's threat to the depletion of these resources has made it necessary to find alternatives due to the rising demand. Four different forms of biofuels are now available and constitute a possible replacement for fossil fuels. The first generation of biofuels is generated from the edible portion of biomass, the second generation is made from the non-edible portion of biomass, the third generation is made from algal biomass, and the fourth generation is made using molecular biology to improve the algal strain. Second generation biofuels are extremely important because they are derived from non-edible biomass, such as agricultural and agro-industrial wastes rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and starch impregnated with lignin, and are hydrolyzed after delignification by physio-chemical or biological pretreatments using ligninases. There has been a lot of research on their production using chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis, but it has not been economically viable in comparison to first generation biofuels due to the formation of several inhibitors with chemical hydrolysis and the high cost of the enzymes. Furthermore, the need for multiple enzymes due to the various types of carbohydrates in the feedstocks makes the enzymatic process too expensive. This article examines the enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of feedstocks for the production of second generation bioethanol, a highly acceptable biofuel.

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Section: Conversion Of Agricultural and Agro-industrial Residues Into...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Enzyme Systems in the Production of Second Generation Bioethanol

Soni¹,

Sharma²,

Soni³

2022

Preprint

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“…Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts *Correspondence: plopezgomez@atb-potsdam.de it can be enzymatically hydrolysed by the addition of amylases in a process which requires low energy consumption and that runs under mild and non-corrosive conditions [5]. However, a downside of the hydrolysis is that it requires expensive enzymes produced mainly from pure sugars.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The valorisation of this residue, PW, can be performed via a sequential hydrolysis and fermentation process. The high starch content (60% w/w) of PW means that it can be enzymatically hydrolysed by the addition of amylases in a process which requires low energy consumption and that runs under mild and non-corrosive conditions [ 5 ]. However, a downside of the hydrolysis is that it requires expensive enzymes produced mainly from pure sugars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of lactic acid from pasta wastes using a biorefinery approach

Marzo-Gago

Venus

López‐Gómez

2022

Biotechnol Biofuels

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A total of 398 kt of pasta waste (PW), generated during the production process of pasta, were produced in 2021. Due to its chemical composition and practically zero cost, PW has already been studied as a raw material for the production of lactic acid (LA) through fermentations. The main objective of this article was to improve the economic viability of the process by replacing commercial enzymes, necessary for starch hydrolysis in PW, with raw enzymes also produced from wastes. Enzyme synthesis was achieved through solid-state fermentation (SsF) of wheat bran by Aspergillus awamori or Aspergillus oryzae at various moisture contents. The maximum amylase activity (52 U/g dry solid) was achieved after 2 days of fermentation with A. awamori at 60% of moisture content. After that, the enzymes were used to hydrolyse PW, reaching 76 g/L of total sugars, 65 g/L of glucose and a yield of 0.72 gglu/gds with the enzymes produced by A. awamori. Subsequently, the hydrolysate was fermented into LA using Bacillus coagulans A559, yielding 52 g/L and 49 g/L with and without yeast extract, respectively. Remarkably, compared to the process with commercial enzymes, a higher LA yield was reached when enzymes produced by SsF were added (0.80 gLA/gglu). Furthermore, the productivities between the two processes were similar (around 3.9 g/L/h) which highlights that yeast extract is not necessary when using enzymes produced by SsF.

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“…CAZymes are used in biofuel production to convert this recalcitrant polysaccharide into fermentable carbohydrate monomers (Tingley et al, 2021). They offer a sustainable alternative to surmount the drawbacks linked with conventional chemical catalysts (Saini et al, 2022). Bacteria and anaerobic fungi are considered promising for lignocellulosic biofuel production due to their natural diversity of CAZymes (Saye et al, 2021).…”

Section: Industrial Production Of Carbohydrate Active Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

CAZyme from gut microbiome for efficient lignocellulose degradation and biofuel production

et al. 2022

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Over-exploitation and energy security concerns of the diminishing fossil fuels is a challenge to the present global economy. Further, the negative impact of greenhouse gases released using conventional fuels has led to the need for searching for alternative biofuel sources with biomass in the form of lignocellulose coming up as among the potent candidates. The entrapped carbon source of the lignocellulose has multiple applications other than biofuel generation under the biorefinery approach. However, the major bottleneck in using lignocellulose for biofuel production is its recalcitrant nature. Carbohydrate Active Enzymes (CAZymes) are enzymes that are employed for the disintegration and consumption of lignocellulose biomass as the carbon source for the production of biofuels and bio-derivatives. However, the cost of enzyme production and their stability and catalytic efficiency under stressed conditions is a concern that hinders large-scale biofuel production and utilization. Search for novel CAZymes with superior activity and stability under industrial condition has become a major research focus in this area considering the fact that the most conventional CAZymes has low commercial viability. The gut of plant-eating herbivores and other organisms is a potential source of CAZyme with high efficiency. The review explores the potential of the gut microbiome of various organisms in the production of an efficient CAZyme system and the challenges in using the biofuels produced through this approach as an alternative to conventional biofuels.

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Strategies to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for biorefinery applications: A review

Cited by 57 publications

References 108 publications

Microbial Enzyme Systems in the Production of Second Generation Bioethanol

Microbial Enzyme Systems in the Production of Second Generation Bioethanol

Production of lactic acid from pasta wastes using a biorefinery approach

CAZyme from gut microbiome for efficient lignocellulose degradation and biofuel production

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