Strategies to engineer various nanocarrier-based hybrid catalysts for enhanced chemodynamic cancer therapy

Abstract

This review summarizes the strategies to engineer CDT nanocatalysts based on diverse nanocarriers, especially those with intrinsic therapeutic activities.

A Combination of Biocatalysis and Fenton-Like Reaction Induced OH• Burst for Cascade Amplification of Cancer Chemodynamic Therapy

“…14,15 To address these problems, many nanosystems have been designed and reported. 16,17 Overall, the general strategies to improve the CDT effect are as follows: (i) developing novel catalytic systems, especially noble metal nanocomposites with pH independent catalytic activity; (ii) applying exogenous H 2 O 2 or peroxide addition to increase the concentration of H 2 O 2 . 6, 16,18,19 However, from the clinical translation perspective, such approaches are difficult to achieve.…”

“…At one side, by utilizing OH • to damage biological molecules and induce cell death, CDT has shown activity against a variety of tumor types. − At the other side, no oxygen is required in the CDT antitumor process, which makes CDT a more suitable strategy utilized in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) . However, challenges and limitations still remain in the clinical translation of CDT: (1) the pH of the solid tumor microenvironment is not acidic enough to initiate efficient Fenton/Fenton-like reactions; (2) the intracellular H 2 O 2 level is insufficient to generate adequate OH • ; (3) the high concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) could eliminate OH • to maintain the intracellular redox homeostasis. , To address these problems, many nanosystems have been designed and reported. , Overall, the general strategies to improve the CDT effect are as follows: (i) developing novel catalytic systems, especially noble metal nanocomposites with pH independent catalytic activity; (ii) applying exogenous H 2 O 2 or peroxide addition to increase the concentration of H 2 O 2 . ,,, However, from the clinical translation perspective, such approaches are difficult to achieve. First, it is difficult to achieve reproducible and controllable synthesis of complex nanocomposites at industrial scales.…”

GSH/pH dual-activated POM@MOF for tumor cell-specific synergistic photothermal and chemodynamic therapy

“…32 Notably, MOFs have adjustable inorganic metal centers, which endow them with intrinsic Fenton catalytic activity as a chemodynamic therapy (CDT) agent by tuning the metal center such as Fe and Cu. 33,34 As such, the encapsulation of POMs into MOFs will not only enhance cellular uptake efficacy by improving the surface charges of POMs, but also endow them with tumor cell-specifically activated PTT/CDT combined therapeutic effects.…”