Strategies to diagnose lymphoproliferative disorders by fine-needle aspiration by using ancillary studies

Abstract

Graessley's theory has been applied to keratin/PEO concentrated aqueous solutions giving qualitative insight to the rheology of these polymer blends in electrospinning. The shear rate dependent viscosity of different blends was compared with that of pure polymer solutions. The characteristic time τη was calculated by the minimum value of $ \dot \gamma $ at the beginning of the non‐Newtonian viscosity behavior. Flow curves of PEO (at concentration from 1.0 to 7.0 wt %) reduce to a single curve by plotting η/η0 against $ \dot \gamma{\tau_\eta} $. Moreover, PEO solutions exhibit a linear proportionality between zero‐shear viscosity and the characteristic time η0 ∝ τη. Keratin/PEO blend solutions follow the same proportionality at very high and low keratin content, whereas linearity drops when the keratin content range from 50 to 70%. The departure from the theory has been interpreted as a sign of some interaction between the macromolecules of keratin and PEO. It was supposed that keratin displaces solvent molecules and expands the PEO chain coils increasing the relaxation time of the polymer solution. This behavior was correlated with changes in the morphology of the nanofibres produced by electrospinning from these polymer blends. Finally, additive rules to zero‐shear viscosity were applied to keratin and PEO solutions, indicating that the experimental η0 values were higher than the theoretical ones for all the proportions of the blends, especially for high keratin amount. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1193–1201, 2008

Hodgkin Lymphoma Version 1.2017, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology

“…The role of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy in the diagnosis of lymphoma is still controversial. [35][36][37] A diagnostic assessment based solely on FNA biopsy is insufficient except in unusual circumstances when, in combination with immunohistochemistry, it is judged to be diagnostic of HL by an expert hematopathologist or cytopathologist. Immunostaining for CD3, CD15, CD20, CD30, CD45, CD79a, and PAX5 is recommended for CHL.…”

“…In the experimental arm, patients were treated with 2 cycles of ABVD, underwent interim PET scans, and, if found to be PETnegative, were treated with an additional 4 cycles of ABVD. If patients were found to be PET-positive after the initial 2 cycles of ABVD, chemotherapy was intensified with 2 cycles of escalated BEACOPP with INRT (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36). Although interim analysis demonstrated that chemotherapy alone is a viable treatment option, PET scans showed that combined modality therapy (ABVD + INRT) resulted in fewer early progressions compared with treatment with ABVD alone.…”

Treatment of Early Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma

“…cHL and NLPHL share the same diagnostic workup, though they have different natural history and distinctive morphologic and immunophenotypic features ( Diagnosis of HL should always be established by a tissue biopsy; though a core needle biopsy may be adequate, an excisional lymph node biopsy is preferred and highly recommended. FNA alone is generally insufficient for the evaluation of architecture and for immunophenotyping, and should be avoided (Caraway, 2005;Hehn, Grogan & Miller, 2004;Meda, Buss, Woodruff, et al, 2000). Rarely, multiple LN biopsies may be necessary for the diagnosis, as the cytokines associated with HL can produce reactive hyperplastic changes in adjacent lymph nodes (Ansell & Armitage, 2006).…”

The feasibility of gene expression profiling generated in fine-needle aspiration specimens from patients with follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

“…In some specimens, cytocentrifuge preparations (cytospins) were prepared from additional sample directly suspended in 10 mL of RPMI 1640 (Gibco, Grand Island, NY) after Ficoll-Hypaque density-gradient purification and were stained with Diff-Quik and or used for Ki-67 (MIB-1; Dako, Carpenteria, CA) immunoperoxidase and other lymphoma markers, as indicated by Caraway. 32 Most samples were obtained with 1-3 needle passes (minimum, 10 million cells).…”