Strategies to decrease oxidative stress biomarker levels in human medical conditions: A meta-analysis on 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α

Abstract

The widespread detection of elevated oxidative stress levels in many medical conditions has led to numerous efforts to design interventions to reduce its effects. Efforts have been wide-ranging, from dietary changes to administration of antioxidants, supplements, e.g., omega-3-fatty acids, and many medications. However, there is still no systemic assessment of the efficacy of treatments for oxidative stress reduction across a variety of medical conditions.The goal of this meta-analysis is, by combining multiple studies, to quantitate the change in the levels of the popular oxidative stress biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) after a variety of treatment strategies in human populations.Nearly 350 unique publications with 180 distinct strategies were included in the analysis. For each strategy, the difference between pre- or placebo and post-treatment levels calculated using Hedges’ g value of effect. In general, administration of antibiotics, antihyperlipidemic agents, or changes in lifestyle (g = − 0.63, − 0.54, and 0.56) had the largest effect. Administration of supplements, antioxidants, or changes in diet (g = − 0.09, − 0.28, − 0.12) had small quantitative effects. To fully interpret the effectiveness of these treatments, comparisons to the increase in g value for each medical condition is required. For example, antioxidants in populations with coronary artery disease (CAD) reduce the 8-iso-PGF2α levels by g = − 0.34 ± 0.1, which is quantitatively considered a small effect. However, CAD populations, in comparison to healthy populations, have an increase in 8-iso-PGF2α levels by g = 0.38 ± 0.04; therefore, the overall reduction of 8-iso-PGF2α levels is ≈ 90% by this treatment in this specific medical condition.In conclusion, 8-iso-PGF2α levels can be reduced not only by antioxidants but by many other strategies. Not all strategies are equally effective at reducing 8-iso-PGF2α levels. In addition, the effectiveness of any strategy can be assessed only in relation to the medical condition investigated.

Phthalates and Phthalate Alternatives Have Diverse Associations with Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Pregnant Women

“…36 In addition to being essential for healthy development, omega-3 fatty acids have also been shown, in some cases, to inhibit 8-iso-PGF 2α formation, presumably by scavenging free radicals. 37 A marked reduction in the association between 8-iso-PGF 2α and metabolites of three parent compounds (di-n-butyl phthalate, di-isobutyl phthalate, and benzylbutyl phthalate) was observed for pregnant women supplementing with fish oil. Interestingly, all metabolites from these three parent compounds were associated with higher levels of 8-iso-PGF 2α through the chemical pathway specifically.…”

Colostrum supplementation with n-3 fatty acids alters plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory mediators in newborn calves

“…Differing from oxylipids, isoprostanes are direct biomarkers of oxidative stress because their production results from RONS-induced peroxidation and damage to the phospholipid membrane and thus cellular components ( Montuschi et al, 2004 ). A decrease in isoprostane concentration indicates reduced lipid peroxidation and thus oxidative damage that compromises normal cellular functions ( van ‘t Erve, 2018 ). Alternatively, OSi, the concentration of RONS to AOP, is considered a measure of redox balance ( Kuhn et al, 2018 ); therefore, we speculate FF treatments decreased oxidative stress due to decreased 8-iso-PGA2 in plasma, even though OSi remained unchanged.…”

Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

“…Oxygen is an irreplaceable entity for all living organisms, although its presence in excess has harmful effects. Therefore, it is required that the consumption and uptake of oxygen be maintained under a high level of control and that the levels are checked by a complex cell system [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. Uncontrolled redox reactions generate ROS, such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH), superoxide anions (•O 2 − ), peroxyl radicals (ROO•), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and nitric oxide (NO•).…”