Strategies to Address COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Ohio Nursing Home Staff

Abstract

Background and Objectives Despite federal legislation requiring nursing home (NH) staff members to be vaccinated against COVID-19, unvaccinated staff pose an ongoing public health risk. The research question guiding this study is as follows: What is the relationship between strategies to address vaccine hesitancy and vaccination rates among staff? We used the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory as a theoretical framework. Research Design and Methods The sample (N=627) included Ohio-based NHs. Using national and state NH data, multivariable linear regression techniques demonstrated the relationship between strategies to address vaccine hesitancy and vaccination rates among NH staff. Results Peer counseling and providing sick time or time off for vaccine symptoms were both statistically significant strategies. Compared to facilities that did not engage in peer counseling, those that did saw an average increase of 3.2% of their staff vaccinated. Those that provided sick time or time off saw an average increase of 3.9% of their staff vaccinated. There was no statistically significant relationship between hiring full- or part-time facility infection preventionists and vaccination rates. Discussion and Implications In order to foster vaccine confidence among long-term services staff, peer counseling and providing sick time or time off are examples of strategies that can impact vaccination rates among staff. According to DOI, these strategies target the communication channels and social system of an organization. While this study focuses on NHs, results remain critically important to the remainder of the long-term services system, which does not have vaccine requirements similar to the NH industry.

Revisiting Vaccine Hesitancy in Residential Care Homes for the Elderly for Pandemic Preparedness: A Lesson from COVID-19

“…Since social influence can propagate vaccine hesitancy within clusters [52], and the acts of others are an important reference for decision making in a congregate environment [53], targeted inventions should be tailored for RCHEs. Echoing our findings that emotional loneliness predicted vaccine hesitancy among staff, overseas counterparts considered "having someone like themselves vaccinated" to be motivating [23], and peer counseling was a significant strategy in boosting the uptake rate among staff [54].…”

Vaccine hesitancy for the COVID-19 vaccine booster dose among nursing home staff fully vaccinated with the primary vaccination course in Belgium

“…Another qualitative study indicated that peer-positive experiences may also be effective to address vaccine hesitancy [35] . A recent study found that strategies such as a peer counseling and providing sick leave or time off for vaccine symptoms could be effective to increase vaccination rates among NHS in Ohio, USA [44] .…”