Strategies of supplemental irrigation and modified planting densities to improve the root growth and lodging resistance of maize (Zea mays L.) under the ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting system

Jia, Qianmin; Xu, Yueyue; Ali, Shahzad; Sun, Lefeng; Ding, Ruixia; Ren, Xiaolong; Zhang, Peng; Jia, Zhikuan

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2018.04.011

Cited by 50 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The Chinese national standard for mechanical maize grain harvesting (GB/T-21962-2008) suggests that the lodging rate should be less than 5% for such harvesting. In the past, maize harvesting in China was mainly performed by hand and via mechanical ear harvesting, and therefore research on maize lodging has mostly focused on the growth stage before physiological maturity [ 5 , 13 , 17 , 23 , 32 , 33 ]. After PM, the decomposition of stalk carbohydrate and the decrease of stalk moisture content causes the stalk mechanical strength to decrease [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of maize lodging resistance based on the critical wind speed of stalk breaking during the late growth stage

2020

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Background The accurate evaluation of the stalk-lodging resistance during the late stage of maize growth can provide a basis for the selection of cultivars, the evaluation of cultivation techniques, and timely mechanical grain harvesting. In this study, the critical wind speed of stalk breaking, plant morphology, stalk mechanical strength, and lodging rate were investigated in 10 maize cultivars to identify the parameters evaluate lodging resistance during the later growth stage of maize. Clarify the relationship with the stalk mechanical strength, critical wind speed of stalk breaking, and natural lodging rate in the field. Results The results showed that, in the late growth stage, with increasing number of days after physiological maturity, (1) the stalk lodging rate gradually increased, (2) the stalk breaking force and rind penetration strength (RPS) of the third internode above the soil gradually decreased, and (3) the critical wind speed of stalk breaking increased first and then decreased, and was highest at about 16–24 days after physiological maturity. The position of stalk lodging mostly occurred between second and fifth internodes. The torque at the base of maize plant increased as wind speed increased, and the different of torque was excited among different maize cultivars under same wind speed. Furthermore, the stalk lodging rate was significantly negatively correlated with the critical wind speed of stalk breaking. Additionally, the critical wind speed of stalk breaking was significantly positively correlated with the stalk breaking force and the RPS. Conclusion This indicates that the critical wind speed of stalk breaking is a superior way to determine the stalk lodging resistance. These results suggest that, in the late growth stage, the decrease in the stalk mechanical strength is an important reason for the decrease in the critical wind speed of stalk breaking and the increase in the lodging rate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of maize lodging resistance based on the critical wind speed of stalk breaking during the late growth stage

2020

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“…Stalk lodging resistance correlates with the morphology, dry matter accumulation, and mechanical strength of basal internodes. Studies on stalk morphology have shown that plants with long basal internodes have a higher ear position and center of gravity than plants with shorter basal internodes, which increases the risk of lodging (Jia et al., 2018; Ma et al., 2014). In contrast, plants with short and thick basal internodes display greater stalk lodging resistance (Kamran et al., 2018; Novacek, Mason, Galusha, & Yaseen, 2013).…”

Section: Introdutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic development of maize stalk as a strategy to reduce lodging risk

Xue

Gao

et al. 2020

Agronomy Journal

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The reason for different maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids exhibiting differences in stalk lodging risk between the 12-leaf (V12) and flowering stages is unclear. This study tracked internode development included morphology, carbohydrate accumulation, and mechanical strength of basal internodes in four widely-planted maize hybrids in China for two consecutive growing seasons. And then used logistic model to estimate the time of initiation and termination of rapid thickening, lengthening, accumulation of dry weight per unit length (DWUL), cellulose, lignin, and increase in rind penetration strength (RPS) of internodes. Planting density was 7.5 × 10 4 plants ha −1. The results shows that basal internodes development in maize begins with a period of rapid thickening and lengthening, followed by DWUL accumulation, and finally an increase in RPS. The period of DWUL accumulation was the longest of these developmental periods and occurred throughout internode development. For hybrid with a low risk of stalk lodging, RPS development began in later part of the rapid elongation period. In contrast, rapid RPS development in hybrid with a high risk of stalk lodging began after the rapid elongation period. Rapid DWUL accumulation and RPS development can reduce the adverse effects caused by rapid elongation of basal internodes. The shorter the interval between rapid elongation, DWUL accumulation, and RPS development of the basal internodes, the greater a plant's resistance to stalk lodging. Therefore, lodging risk can be reduced through selection and breeding strategies that achieve synergistic development of morphology, dry matter accumulation, and mechanical strength in maize stalks.

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“…The soil moisture contents in the 0–200 cm soil layer were measured before sowing and in the three-leaf stage, six-leaf stage, 11-leaf stage, silking stage, filling stage, wax maturity stage, and maturity stage using the soil drilling method. The soil water storage was calculated as follows ( Jia et al, 2018 ): where SWS (mm) is the soil water storage, h i (cm) is the thickness of a measured soil layer, ρ i (g cm −3 ) is the soil bulk density in a measured soil layer, b i is the soil water content in each soil layer, n is the number of soil layers, and i = 10, 20, 40 …, 200.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased photosynthesis and grain yields in maize grown with less irrigation water combined with density adjustment in semiarid regions

Liu

Jia

et al. 2020

PeerJ

Self Cite

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In order to design a water-saving and high-yield maize planting model suitable for semiarid areas, we conducted trials by combining supplementary irrigation with different planting densities. Three planting densities (L: 52,500, M: 75,000, and H: 97,500 plants ha–1) and four supplementary irrigation modes (NI: no irrigation; IV: 375 m3 ha–1 during the 11-leaf stage; IS: 375 m3 ha–1 in the silking stage; and IVS: 375 m3 ha–1 during both stages) were tested. The irrigation treatments significantly increased the leaf relative water content, but the high planting density significantly decreased the relative water content during the silking and filling stages. After supplementary irrigation during the 11-leaf stage, IV and IVS significantly increased the photosynthetic capacity, but decreased the leaf water use efficiency. IS and IVS significantly increased the photosynthetic capacity after supplementary irrigation in the silking stage over two years. During the filling stage, IV, IS, and IVS increased the two-year average net photosynthetic rate by 17.0%, 27.2%, and 30.3%, respectively. The intercellular CO2 concentration increased as the density increased, whereas the stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, and leaf water use efficiency decreased, and the high planting density significantly reduced the leaf photosynthetic capacity. The highest grain yield was obtained using the IVS treatment under the medium planting density, but it did not differ significantly from that with the IS treatment. Furthermore, the IVS treatment used two times more water than the IS treatment. Thus, the medium planting density combined with supplementary irrigation during the silking stage was identified as a suitable water-saving planting model to improve the photosynthetic capacity and grain yield, and to cope with drought and water shortages in semiarid regions.

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Strategies of supplemental irrigation and modified planting densities to improve the root growth and lodging resistance of maize (Zea mays L.) under the ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting system

Cited by 50 publications

References 44 publications

Evaluation of maize lodging resistance based on the critical wind speed of stalk breaking during the late growth stage

Evaluation of maize lodging resistance based on the critical wind speed of stalk breaking during the late growth stage

Synergistic development of maize stalk as a strategy to reduce lodging risk

Increased photosynthesis and grain yields in maize grown with less irrigation water combined with density adjustment in semiarid regions

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