“…[137,143] Classical bulk hydrogels can inhibit cell-cell connections between encapsulated cardiomyocytes. [137,150] Further, key features of the cardiac ECM including its fibrous microstructure, multiscale laminar architecture, geometric constraints, mechanical strength, anisotropy, and electroconductivity are difficult or impossible to recreate using classical bulk hydrogels alone. More advanced biomaterial systems are needed to www.advanced-bio.com recreate the multiscale complexity of the native cardiac tissue.…”