“…Moreover, previous research has demonstrated that electrochemical approaches can achieve femtomolar or attomolar concentrations, which is benecial for the clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases. 1,2 Coupling POC devices with miniaturized electrochemical transducers has transformed the detection landscape, enabling real-time, rapid detection of various infectious diseases, including COVID-19, 3 dengue virus (DENV), 4 Zika virus, 5 Inuenza, 6 Hepatitis, 7 human immunodeciency (HIV), 8 Salmonella 9 and Tuberculosis. 10 Electrochemical biosensors rely on changes in measurable redox current due to specic interactions between immobilized biological recognition elements and analytes, such as ssDNA/RNA-ssDNA, aptamer-antigens/proteins, antibodiesantigens, and whole cells-antigen/proteins.…”