Strategies for the Global Eradication of Poliomyelitis by the Year 2000

Wright, Peter F.; Kim-Farley, Robert; Quadrós, Ciro A. de; Robertson, Susan; Scott, Robert McNair; Ward, N A; Henderson, R. H.

doi:10.1056/nejm199112193252504

Cited by 102 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The digestive immunity induced by OPV prevents or limits reinfection in humans, thereby preventing natural PV transmission (13). This property has made OPV the main tool for poliomyelitis eradication (39).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Genetic Exchanges between Vaccine and Wild Poliovirus Strains in Humans

Guillot

Caro

Cuervo

et al. 2000

J Virol

182

165

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In a previous study of poliovirus vaccine-derived strains isolated from patients with vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) (9, 11), we reported that a high proportion (over 50%) of viruses had a recombinant genome. Most were intertypic vaccine/vaccine recombinants. However, some had restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profiles different from those of poliovirus vaccine strains. We demonstrate here that five such recombinants, of 88 VAPP strains examined, carried sequences of wild (nonvaccine) origin. To identify the parental wild donor of these sequences, we used RFLP profiles and nucleotide sequencing to look for similarity in the 3D polymerase-coding region of 61 wild, cocirculating poliovirus isolates (43 type 1, 16 type 2, and 2 type 3 isolates). In only one case was the donor identified, and it was a wild type 1 poliovirus. For the other four vaccine/wild recombinants, the wild parent could not be identified. The possibility that the wild sequences were of a non-poliovirus-enterovirus origin could not be excluded. Another vaccine/wild recombinant, isolated in Belarus from a VAPP case, indicated that the poliovirus vaccine/wild recombination is not an isolated phenomenon. We also found wild polioviruses (2 of 15) carrying vaccine-derived sequences in the 3 moiety of their genome. All these results suggest that genetic exchanges with wild poliovirus and perhaps with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses, are also a natural means of evolution for poliovirus vaccine strains.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Genetic Exchanges between Vaccine and Wild Poliovirus Strains in Humans

Guillot

Caro

Cuervo

et al. 2000

J Virol

182

165

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Consequently, this figure has been used as an indicator of adequacy of surveillance, with areas reporting ≥1 case/100,000 per year in children <15 being considered to have adequate surveillance. A global network of laboratories has been created to support surveillance (62). Progress toward polio eradication has been dramatic.…”

Section: Poliomyelitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Eradication of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases

Hinman

1999

Annu. Rev. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

▪ Abstract Eradication is the permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent as a result of deliberate efforts; intervention measures are no longer needed. To date, the only infectious disease that has been eradicated is smallpox. Poliomyelitis is targeted for eradication by the year 2000, and the eradication initiative is well under way, with the Western Hemisphere certified as being polio-free and more than one year having passed since polio cases occurred in the Western Pacific Region of the World Health Organization. A review of the technical feasibility of eradicating other diseases preventable by vaccines currently licensed for civilian use in the United States indicates that measles, hepatitis B, mumps, rubella, and possibly disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b are potential candidates. From a practical point of view, measles seems most likely to be the next target. Global capacity to undertake eradication is limited, and care must be taken to ensure that a potential measles eradication effort does not impede achievement of polio eradication. Even in the absence of eradication, major improvements in control are both feasible and necessary with existing vaccines. New and improved vaccines may give further possibilities of eradication in the future. Eradication represents the ultimate in sustainability and social justice.

show abstract

“…The vaccination schedule is three doses of trivalent oral, live attenuated, poliomyelitis vaccine and diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine at 3, 4, and 5 months of age, with a booster of diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine at 18 months. In line with the World Health Organisation's goal of eradicating poliomyelitis by 2000,2 children under 5 years old in Zimbabwe received two doses of oral vaccine, regardless of their vaccination history, during the national immunisation days in 1996 3. Most children infected with HIV live in developing countries, so the influence of HIV infection on vaccination against poliomyelitis is relevant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%