Strategies for the energy transition: literature review

Abstract

Due to the need to search for energy sources that generate less greenhouse gases and, consequently, have a lower impact on the environment, several energy transition strategies emerge. In this context, this article aims to answer: what are the energy transition strategies? Therefore, the objective is to present some strategies in progress for the energy transition process, approaching the subject on three main aspects, namely: energy efficiency; renewable energy; and carbon capture and sequestration. For this, the methodology used was the bibliographic research followed by the critical analysis of the literature found. As a result, it was noted that the strategies presented allow the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide, which has been affecting the planet’s climate. Finally, it is concluded that the strategies presented in the energy efficiency category were: labeling programs; use of recycled material; automation and use of artificial intelligence; and management of methane emissions. In the renewable energy category, the following strategies were identified: ethanol; biodiesel; biomethane; the biogas; natural gas; the hydrogen; solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal energy; and energy storage. At the end, the strategy for capturing, using and storing carbon was presented. It is also worth mentioning that this is a very vast area of ​​opportunities for research and innovation, being in full development and demanding many other works that deal with energy efficiency, carbon capture and renewable energies.