Strategies for Scalable Gas-Phase Preparation of Free-Standing Graphene

Abstract

The preparation of graphene with high quality serves as a prerequisite for its usage. Traditional methods of graphene production, represented by liquid-phase exfoliation and chemical vapor deposition, either sacrifice the quality and purity of graphene or are limited by the substrate and catalyst. Developing simple and scalable preparation methods of high-quality and high-purity graphene remains a big challenge. Herein, we have reviewed the gas-phase methods including carbonization, combustion, arc discharge, and atmospheric plasma for scalable preparation of free-standing graphene, which are catalyst-, substrate-, solvent-free, and without the need for complex post-treatment methods. The obtained graphene exhibits characteristics of high quality and high purity. Moreover, applications of free-standing graphene were also summarized. Finally, perspectives on opportunities and challenges of free-standing graphene have been discussed.

The characterisation of commercial 2D carbons: graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide

“…For special applications such as electronics, chemical vapour deposition can provide large area (several cm 2 ) defect-free graphene 9,10 but this method is expensive and liquid phase exfoliation of graphite is generally used for large-scale manufacture. 11,12 Direct synthesis via gas phase 13 or solid state methods 14 have been demonstrated and have the potential to overcome the limitations of liquid phase methods. Graphene oxide is usually made by oxidation of graphite powder [2][3][4] and reduced graphene oxide by chemical reduction of graphene oxide.…”

High‐Performance Supramolecular Adhesives

“…More fillers, such as silver nanoparticle and carbon nanotube, have been demonstrated as good candidates to render conductivity as well. [ 59,60 ]…”

“…More fillers, such as silver nanoparticle and carbon nanotube, have been demonstrated as good candidates to render conductivity as well. [59,60] In this section, lately developed functional supramolecular adhesives are highlighted. At first, underwater supramolecular adhesives have been constructed through absorbing or repelling the hydration layer on adherend surfaces.…”