Strategies for replacing animals in biomedical research

Broadhead, Caren; Bottrill, Krys

doi:10.1016/s1357-4310(97)01110-6

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…2) (Smyth and Halton, 1983 ;Abdulla et al 2009 ;Caffrey et al 2009). In addition, most importantly, the use of mechanically obtained schistosomula reduces and replaces the use of live animals in accordance with the 3Rs (reduce, replace, refine) of animal protection principles (Broadhead and Bottrill, 1997). An assay with artificially produced schistosomula might serve as a pre-screen in drug sensitivity assays, however one has to keep in mind that mechanically transformed schistosomula possess distinct differences to schistosomula, which have penetrated the skin (e.g.…”

Section: S Mansoni In Vitro Assay Based On Schistosomulamentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitroandin vivotrematode models for chemotherapeutic studies

2009

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Schistosomiasis and food-borne trematodiases are chronic parasitic diseases affecting millions of people mostly in the developing world. Additional drugs should be developed as only few drugs are available for treatment and drug resistance might emerge. In vitro and in vivo whole parasite screens represent essential components of the trematodicidal drug discovery cascade. This review describes the current state-of-the-art of in vitro and in vivo screening systems of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni, the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica and the intestinal fluke Echinostoma caproni. Examples of in vitro and in vivo evaluation of compounds for activity are presented. To boost the discovery pipeline for these diseases there is a need to develop validated, robust high-throughput in vitro systems with simple readouts.

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Section: S Mansoni In Vitro Assay Based On Schistosomulamentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitroandin vivotrematode models for chemotherapeutic studies

2009

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“…The addition, to the culture system, of precise, reproducible doses of cytokines, antibodies, xenobiotics etc., and the ability to take accurately timed samples, either from the explant itself or from the culture medium, over the length of the experiment, has proved to be powerful research technique. Explant systems may also reduce animal usage by allowing multiple explants to be prepared from a single animal, or human donor, not only improving the legitimacy of controls but also working towards the concept of the 3Rs (reduction, refinement, replacement) in animal experimentation (Broadhead and Bottrill 1997).…”

Section: Manipulation Of Explant Culture Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explant culture of gastrointestinal tissue: a review of methods and applications

2011

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The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is an important target organ for the toxicity of xenobiotics. The toxic effects of xenobiotics on this complex, heterogeneous structure have been difficult to model in vitro and have traditionally been assessed in vivo. The explant culture of GI tissue offers an alternative approach. Historically, the organotypic culture of the GI tract proved far more challenging than the culture of other tissues, and it was not until the late 1960s that Browning and Trier described the means by which intestinal tissues could be successfully cultured. This breakthrough provided a tool researchers could utilise, and adapt, to investigate topics such as the pathogenesis of inflammatory intestinal diseases, the effect of growth factors and cytokines on intestinal proliferation and differentiation, and the testing of novel xenobiotics for efficacy and safety. This review considers that intestinal explant culture shows much potential for the application of a relatively under-used procedure in future biomedical research. Furthermore, there appear to be many instances where the technique may provide experimental solutions where both cell culture and in vivo models have been unable to deliver conclusive and convincing findings.

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“…These in vitro strategies are advantageous because they confer uniformity in parasite maturation, which cannot be achieved in vivo due to the variation in the time required for individual parasites to penetrate the host skin and enter the vasculature. In addition, the use of mechanically obtained schistosomula is an alternative method that reduces, refines and replaces the use of animals in laboratory research in accordance with animal protection principles (Broadhead & Bottrill, 1997). Among the techniques available for the production of schistosomula, the current methods most commonly used for the removal of tails from cercariae are the repeated aspiration through a syringe needle, based on Colley and Wikel (1974), and the use of a Vortex mixer, based on Ramalho-Pinto et al (1974).…”

Section: Schistosomulamentioning

confidence: 99%

Antischistosomal Natural Compounds: Present Challenges for New Drug Screens

Moraes¹

2012

Current Topics in Tropical Medicine

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Please use Adobe Acrobat Reader to read this book chapter for free. Just open this same document with Adobe Reader. If you do not have it, you can download it here. You can freely access the chapter at the Web Viewer here. Current Topics in Tropical Medicine 334 Natural products, mainly plants, have been the source of medicines for thousands of years. The discovery of pure compounds as active principles in plants was first described at the beginning of the 19th century, and the art of exploiting natural products has become part of the molecular sciences (Kayser et al., 2003). Several extracts or bioactive constituents from living organisms have been used in many communities worldwide against parasitic diseases, including schistosomiasis, and in the past decades, natural products have attracted renewed interest (

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Strategies for replacing animals in biomedical research

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

In vitroandin vivotrematode models for chemotherapeutic studies

In vitroandin vivotrematode models for chemotherapeutic studies

Explant culture of gastrointestinal tissue: a review of methods and applications

Antischistosomal Natural Compounds: Present Challenges for New Drug Screens

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