Strategies for optimizing the performance of carbazole thiophene appended unsymmetrical squaraine dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells

Soman, Suraj; Rahim, Moochikkadavath A.; Lingamoorthy, Sivasankaran; Suresh, Cherumuttathu H.; Das, Suresh

doi:10.1039/c5cp03371c

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Similar to WO 3 , TiO 2 also exhibits cathodic electrochromism and electrodes made with porous TiO 2 nanostructures were reported for lithium storage in the lithium ion batteries . Additionally, the processing step required for TiO 2 deposition was particularly simple and widely used for dye‐sensitized solar cell fabrication . Besides acting as a charge storage buffer to the CE, the film also retained the mono‐electrochrome nature of the switch since it did not contribute to coloration in the charging cycle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preparation of Counter Electrode with Porous TiO 2 Films : TiO 2 film was fabricated by drop‐casting 40 × 10 −3 m TiCl 4 aqueous solution onto a clean FTO plate followed by heat treatment at ≈80 °C for 5 min. After this step, the film was cleaned with distilled water and ethanol . An average thickness of ≈90 nm was obtained with thus produced films.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Designing an All‐Solid‐State Tungsten Oxide Based Electrochromic Switch with a Superior Cycling Efficiency

Ganesh

Deb

2017

Adv Materials Inter

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challenging mainly because of their lower ionic conductivity and high relaxation period. In mono-electrochrome (i.e., with a single active EC layer) ECD configurations, an ion-conducting SPE is sandwiched between two transparent conducting oxide coated glass, one of which is laminated with the functional coating. The working mechanism of the ECDs resembles a thin film electrochemical cell, prompting contemporary EC researchers to explore the possibility of integrating ECDs with other electrochemical energy storage devices such as batteries, [2,3] supercapacitors, [4][5][6] and pseudocapacitors. [7,8] Yang et al. [9] published an excellent review that outlines potential impact areas of these efforts. Tian et al. [10] reported the manufacturing of a W 18 O 49 /polyaniline (PANI) based energy level indicating smart supercapacitor electrode that displayed continuous color variations as a response to changing levels of stored energy. Very recently, an ultrafast-charging, high-capacity Al-tungsten oxide based electrochromic battery has been demonstrated by Zhao et al. [11] that showed a sevenfold enhancement in the discharge capacity compared to the other reported works.One substantial challenge in integrating these technologies resides in their mismatched operational requirements. Abruña et al. [12] critically described these differences by noting that the electrolytes are typically the weak-links as many electrochemical systems often push the thermodynamic stability limit for the electrolytes. Additionally, while the ECDs and batteries are designed specifically for a longer storage life, the capacitive charge storage devices require very high cycling efficiency. In a review article, Yang et al. [9] described the challenges in fabricating electrochromic energy system for simultaneous realization of electrochromism and energy storage. They pointed out that high quality ECDs are required to produce a faster and higher response in the optical density against a low charge density. However, batteries or supercapacitors must show a high charge density that significantly compromises the performance of an integrated device. In one section of their review article, Varzi et al. [13] highlighted the challenges associated with charge and mass transport in the Li + containing solid polymer electrolytes for batteries. The discussion is relevant for constructing ECDs as well for Li + ion based systems that offer more stability than an acidic system. A comprehensive list of dissimilarities in operational requirements between the ECD There are ongoing efforts to integrate electrochromic device (ECD) technology with other electrochemical systems. ECDs made with safer "solid" polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are prone to performance degradations due to their high relaxation period that is detrimental to highly dynamic switching operations. Here, the fabrication of partially crystalline WO 3 based all-solid-state mono-electrochrome switches is reported that shows outstanding optical and electrical stability under prolonged charge-discharge cy...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing an All‐Solid‐State Tungsten Oxide Based Electrochromic Switch with a Superior Cycling Efficiency

Ganesh

Deb

2017

Adv Materials Inter

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“…It is well known that the low LUMO levels led insufficient electron injections to the TiO 2 surface. [28] These results exhibit that the bearing of sterically prevented substituents such as flexible and long axial pyridine groups in the photosensitizers can efficiently suppress aggregation, due to disturbance of the π-π stacking. [29] In comparison to our previous zinc phthalocyanines bearing four 3-(pyridin-3-yl)propoxy anchoring groups, [30] the lower PCEs of dyes 3PY-Si and 4PY-Si may be ascribed to the axial anchoring groups, which align the phthalocyanine ring planarly to the TiO 2 surface and reduce the amount of dye loading (Table 3).…”

Section: Phthalocyaninesmentioning

confidence: 83%

Dye‐sensitized solar cells using silicon phthalocyanine photosensitizers with pyridine anchor: Preparation, evaluation of photophysical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties

Güzel

Baş

Bıyıklıoğlu

et al. 2021

Applied Organom Chemis

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In this study, novel two silicon phthalocyanine photosensitizers (3PY-Si and 4PY-Si) containing pyridine groups as an electron-withdrawing and anchoring group have been prepared and chemically characterized for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic properties of the photosensitizers were evaluated. The new photosensitizers elucidated by spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. As reported by fluorescence measurements, the silicon phthalocyanine photosensitizers exhibited slightly higher fluorescence quantum yield (Φ F = 0.25) than the unsubstituted zinc phthalocyanine which is favorable for photophysical applications. The DSSC based on complex 3PY-Si shows the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.53% with the J sc , V oc and FF values of 1.205 mA cm −2 , 0.612 V, and 0.72, respectively, in the presence of the coadsorbent. These silicon phthalocyanine photosensitizers with bulky axial pyridine substituents found to be important materials for (DSSCs) since they show strong absorption in the red region and their ligands hamper the stacking of rings. This situation prevented the formation of aggregates with a common tendency to photosensitizers on the TiO 2 surface.

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“…11,12 In recent years, there is a widespread interest for the development of metal-free dyes for DSSC applications. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Although the efficiency is less compared to the metal based dyes, the metal-free organic dyes have attracted considerable attention due to their lower cost, easy * For correspondence purification, tailor made design properties, etc. Triphenylamine derivatives are the most commonly used donors in organic based metal-free dyes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thiophene-bithiazole based metal-free dye as DSSC sensitizer: Effect of co-adsorbents on photovoltaic efficiency

et al. 2015

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A new molecule consisting of a bithiazole chromophore sandwiched between two thiophenes, functionalized with benzothiophene unit at one end and cyanoacrylic acid at the other end (BT1) was synthesized, photophysical properties were studied and employed as a photosensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The molecule exhibited an intense absorption in the UV-visible region with absorption extending up to 500 nm. The ground and excited state potentials of BT1 were calculated to be 1.29 and-0.65 V, respectively vs. NHE using cyclic voltammetry. The ground state energy level is more positive than the triiodide electrolyte and excited state energy level is considerably more negative than the TiO 2 satisfying the energetic requirements for a photosensitizer in DSSC. The solar cells fabricated from BT1 exhibited an efficiency of 1.13%. The effect of various co-adsorbents (CDCA,TP1 andTP2) on the DSSC performance was investigated in detail. In the presence of CDCA, the photovoltaic efficiency was enhanced to 1.25%, whereas, in the presence of TP1 and TP2, the efficiency lowered to 0.20% and 0.59%, respectively. The increased efficiency in the presence of CDCA could be attributed to the prevention of the aggregation of dye molecules induced by CDCA. On the other hand, TP1 and TP2 were found to be not as effective as CDCA to prevent aggregation leading to the lowering of photoconversion efficiency.

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Strategies for optimizing the performance of carbazole thiophene appended unsymmetrical squaraine dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells

Cited by 32 publications

References 58 publications

Designing an All‐Solid‐State Tungsten Oxide Based Electrochromic Switch with a Superior Cycling Efficiency

Designing an All‐Solid‐State Tungsten Oxide Based Electrochromic Switch with a Superior Cycling Efficiency

Dye‐sensitized solar cells using silicon phthalocyanine photosensitizers with pyridine anchor: Preparation, evaluation of photophysical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties

Thiophene-bithiazole based metal-free dye as DSSC sensitizer: Effect of co-adsorbents on photovoltaic efficiency

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