Strategies for Global Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Damme, Pierre Van; Zanetti, Alessandro; Herck, Koen Van

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0981-7_14

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Recently, two controversial genotypes (I and J) have been proposed in South Asia [37,83] , which will be discussed comprehensively later in Section 6 (recombination). bites and broken skin have also become accepted as probable modes of transmission [7] . Since HBV is able to survive on surfaces for up to seven days, direct transmission through contaminated surfaces to persons that have frequent contact with HBV carriers has been also reported [84] .…”

Section: Genotype Epidemiological Distinctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protective serum titers of anti-HBs (greater than 10 IU/L) develop in 95%-99% of healthy infants, children [101,102] and young adults [103] . Many studies have demonstrated that HBV vaccination has dramatically decreased the HBV chronicity rates and HBV-related complications [7] . The current vaccine is derived from genotypes A and D of HBV [104] .…”

Section: Genotypes' Impact On Prophylaxis Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple studies have confirmed that the incidence of acute hepatitis, chronic liver disease as well as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is decreased in the HBV-vaccinated population. Owing to the administration of more than one billion doses of HBV vaccines since 1982 [6] , the worldwide mortality rate of HBV has diminished significantly [7] .…”

Section: Possible Eradication Of Hepatitis B Virus; Multi-factorial Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular identification of hepatitis B virus genotypes/subgenotypes: Revised classification hurdles and updated resolutions

Pourkarim¹

2014

WJG

163

177

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The clinical course of infections with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) substantially varies between individuals, as a consequence of a complex interplay between viral, host, environmental and other factors. Due to the high genetic variability of HBV, the virus can be categorized into different HBV genotypes and subgenotypes, which considerably differ with respect to geographical distribution, transmission routes, disease progression, responses to antiviral therapy or vaccination, and clinical outcome measures such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. However, HBV (sub)genotyping has caused some controversies in the past due to misclassifications and incorrect interpretations of different genotyping methods. Thus, an accurate, holistic and dynamic classification system is essential. In this review article, we aimed at highlighting potential pitfalls in genetic and phylogenetic analyses of HBV and suggest novel terms for HBV classification. Analyzing full-length genome sequences when classifying genotypes and subgenotypes is the foremost prerequisite of this classification system. Careful attention must be paid to all aspects of phylogenetic analysis, such as bootstrapping values and meeting the necessary thresholds for (sub)genotyping. Quasi-subgenotype refers to subgenotypes that were incorrectly suggested to be novel. As many of these strains were misclassified due to genetic differences resulting from recombination, we propose the term "recombino-subgenotype". Moreover, immigration is an important confounding facet of global HBV distribution and substantially changes the geographic pattern of HBV (sub)genotypes. We therefore suggest the term "immigro-subgenotype" to distinguish exotic (sub)genotypes from native ones. We are strongly convinced that applying these two proposed terms in HBV classification will help harmonize this rapidly progressing field and allow for improved prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment.

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Section: Genotype Epidemiological Distinctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genotypes' Impact On Prophylaxis Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Possible Eradication Of Hepatitis B Virus; Multi-factorial Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Molecular identification of hepatitis B virus genotypes/subgenotypes: Revised classification hurdles and updated resolutions

Pourkarim¹

2014

WJG

163

177

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“… 2 Antiviral therapy is used in CHB patients to reduce the liver damage and progression of disease. 3 Among the therapeutic options duration of treatment with nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) is indefinite in comparison to IFN-alpha which is finite. However, main concern with long-term treatment by nucleos(t)ide analogs is emergence of antiviral-resistant mutations resulting in limiting future treatment options.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleoside Analog-treated Chronic Hepatitis B Patients showed Reduced Expression of PECAM-1 Gene in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Bangladesh

Sultana

Tabassum

Munshi

et al. 2013

Euroasian Journal of Hepato-Gastroenterology

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Background and aim Assessment of therapeutic response is important for monitoring the prognosis and to take decision for cessation of nucleoside analogues therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients. In addition to serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hepatitis B virus (HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) load and HBeAg status, identification of molecular markers associated with host immune response would be essential to assess therapeutic response. In this regard the current study was performed with the aim to detect expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)-I gene in peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) of treated chronic hepatitis B patients and also to correlate expression of this gene with serum HBV DNA load and serum ALT levels.Materials and methods The study analyzed 60 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, including 30 untreated and 30 nucleoside analogs treated and 10 healthy controls. PECAM-1 gene expression/ transcripts were detected by conventional RT-PCR.Results The expression PECAM-1 mRNA in the PBMCs of CHB patients was significantly higher in untreated (3.17 ± 0.75) than the treated patients (1.64 ± 0.29) (p < 0.01). Expression of PECAM-1 was positively correlated with serum ALT levels of both untreated (r = 0.580) and treated (r = 0.566) CHB patients. Moreover, in both untreated and treated groups, these gene expressions were positively correlated to serum HBV DNA load with the correlation coefficient r = 0.545 and r = 0.591 respectively.Conclusion PECAM-1 may be used as a biomarker for assessment of inflammatory activity as well as therapeutic response in CHB patients.How to cite this article: Sultana N, Tabassum S, Munshi SU, Hossain M, Imam A. Nucleoside Analog-treated Chronic Hepatitis B Patients showed Reduced Expression of PECAM-1 Gene in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Bangladesh. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2014;4(2):87-91.

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“…Antiviral therapy is used in CHB to minimize the liver damage and progression of disease[3], but total eradication of the HBV is seldom achieved by current treatment, especially for patients who infected HBV in early childhood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lamivudine plus adefovir is a good option for chronic hepatitis B patients with viral relapse after cessation of lamivudine treatment

Wang

Zeng

et al. 2011

Virol J

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AimCurrently, there is no consensus on the retreatment recommendation of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with viral rebound after cessation of treatment. In the search of reasonable treatment, we compared the efficacy and safety of adefovir (ADV) plus lamivudine (LAM) and LAM alone for the retreatment of patients with viral relapse but without genotypic resistance after cessation of LAM.MethodsThis is a prospective controlled study, and a total of 53 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients with viral rebound but without resistance were received either LAM plus ADV or LAM alone treatment.ResultsAfter 1-year treatment, more patients who received LAM plus ADV than those who received LAM alone had ALT normalization (84% versus 53.6%, P = 0.018) or HBV DNA levels below 1000 copies/mL (80% versus 42.9%, P < 0.006). Seven patients receiving LAM plus ADV had HBeAg seroconversion, as compared with 0 in patients receiving ALM alone (28% versus 0%, P = 0.003). During 1-year retreatment, five patients receiving LAM alone had virological breakthrough and all of them had LAM resistance strains (rtM204V/I), while no LAM- or ADV- associated resistance strains were detected in patients receiving LAM plus ADV. All patients receiving LAM plus ADV were well tolerated, and no serious side effects were noted.ConclusionsPatients treated with LAM plus ADV exhibited significantly greater virological, biochemical and serological responses compared with LAM alone. These data suggested that combination of LAM plus ADV would be a good option for the retreatment of CHB patients with viral relapse after cessation of LAM.

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Strategies for Global Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Molecular identification of hepatitis B virus genotypes/subgenotypes: Revised classification hurdles and updated resolutions

Molecular identification of hepatitis B virus genotypes/subgenotypes: Revised classification hurdles and updated resolutions

Nucleoside Analog-treated Chronic Hepatitis B Patients showed Reduced Expression of PECAM-1 Gene in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Bangladesh

Lamivudine plus adefovir is a good option for chronic hepatitis B patients with viral relapse after cessation of lamivudine treatment

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