Strategies for enhancing immunity against avian influenza virus in chickens: a review

Alqazlan, Nadiyah; Astill, Jake; Raj, Sugandha; Sharif, Shayan

doi:10.1080/03079457.2022.2054309

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 207 publications

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“…Currently, DNA vaccine have attracted wide attention because it can stimulate cellular and humoral immunity and because of their effectiveness, persistence, easy preparation, and chemical stability ( Li et al, 2019 ; Liu et al, 2020 ; Yu et al, 2020 ; Liu et al, 2021 ; Alqazlan et al, 2022 ). However, there are few studies on the immune enhancement of polygene AIV DNA vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhance immune response to H9 AIV DNA vaccine based on polygene expression and DGL nanoparticle encapsulation

Teng

et al. 2023

Poultry Science

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhance immune response to H9 AIV DNA vaccine based on polygene expression and DGL nanoparticle encapsulation

Teng

et al. 2023

Poultry Science

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“…Total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed as previously described in our study [ 24 ]. The real-time PCR using SyBR Green was performed with diluted cDNA using the LightCycler ® 480 II (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland), as previously described [ 19 ]. Primers were synthesized by Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, Canada.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To limit AIV transmission in poultry, biosecurity measures including isolation, quarantine, stamping-out policies and vaccination have been considered over the years [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Preventive vaccine strategies become a useful tool only when the subtype of AIV has been identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the Protective Efficacy of Toll-Like Receptor Ligands to Minimize H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Transmission in Chickens

Raj

Alizadeh

Shoojadoost³

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Low-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (AIV) of the H9N2 subtype can infect and cause disease in chickens. Little is known about the efficacy of immune-based strategies for reducing the transmission of these viruses. The present study investigated the efficacy of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands (CpG ODN 2007 and poly(I:C)) to reduce H9N2 AIV transmission from TLR-treated seeder (trial 1) or inoculated chickens (trial 2) to naive chickens. The results from trial 1 revealed that a low dose of CpG ODN 2007 led to the highest reduction in oral shedding, and a high dose of poly(I:C) was effective at reducing oral and cloacal shedding. Regarding transmission, the recipient chickens exposed to CpG ODN 2007 low-dose-treated seeder chickens showed a maximum reduction in shedding with the lowest number of AIV+ chickens. The results from trial 2 revealed a maximum reduction in oral and cloacal shedding in the poly(I:C) high-dose-treated chickens (recipients), followed by the low-dose CpG ODN 2007 group. In these two groups, the expression of type I interferons (IFNs), protein kinase R (PKR), interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), viperin, and (interleukin) IL-1β, IL-8, and 1L-18 was upregulated in the spleen, cecal tonsils and lungs. Hence, TLR ligands can reduce AIV transmission in chickens.

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“…But certainly, there is a crosstalk between the cells of the acquired immune system, as B cells can be considered as professional APCs needed to initiate T-cell responses (74). The large majority of publications on poultry vaccines describe the degree of protection against clinical disease, lesion development, and/or shedding, often in combination with circulating antibody titers but mostly with limited information on the initiation of CMI (e.g., (75)(76)(77)(78)(79)(80)(81)). This is facilitated by the availability of well-established methods to detect antibodies using commercially available test systems and the increasing use of automated detection systems, which allow the fast processing of large numbers of barcoded samples.…”

Section: Acquired Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immunological Basis for Vaccination

Rautenschlein,

Schat

2023

Avian Diseases

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Vaccination is crucial for health protection of poultry and therefore important to maintaining high production standards. Proper vaccination requires knowledge of the key players of the well-orchestrated immune system of birds, their interdependence and delicate regulation, and, subsequently, possible modes of stimulation through vaccine antigens and adjuvants. The knowledge about the innate and acquired immune systems of birds has increased significantly during the recent years but open questions remain and have to be elucidated further. Despite similarities between avian and mammalian species in their composition of immune cells and modes of activation, important differences exist, including differences in the innate, but also humoral and cell-mediated immunity with respect to, for example, signaling transduction pathways, antigen presentation, and cell repertoires. For a successful vaccination strategy in birds it always has to be considered that genotype and age of the birds at the time point of immunization as well as their microbiota composition may have an impact and may drive the immune reactions into different directions. Recent achievements in the understanding of the concept of trained immunity will contribute to the advancement of current vaccine types helping to improve protection beyond the specificity of an antigen-driven immune response. The fast developments in new omics technologies will provide insights into protective B-and T-cell epitopes involved in cross-protection, which subsequently will lead to the improvement of vaccine efficacy in poultry.RESUMEN. Estudio recapitulativo-Bases inmunológicas de la vacunación. La vacunación es crucial para la protección de la salud de las aves comerciales y por lo tanto, importante para mantener altos estándares de producción. Una vacunación adecuada requiere el conocimiento de los factores clave del sistema inmunológico bien orquestado de las aves, su interdependencia y su delicada regulación y posteriormente, los posibles modos de estimulación a través de antı genos y adyuvantes de las vacunas. El conocimiento sobre los sistemas inmunológicos innato y adquirido de las aves ha aumentado significativamente durante los últimos años, pero quedan preguntas abiertas que deben dilucidarse con profundidad. A pesar de las similitudes entre las especies de aves y mamı feros en la composición de células inmunes y modos de activación, existen diferencias importantes, incluidas las diferencias en la inmunidad innata, pero también en la inmunidad humoral y en la mediada por células, con respecto a las vı as de transducción de señales, la presentación de antı genos. y repertorios celulares. Para una estrategia de vacunación exitosa en las aves, siempre se debe considerar que el genotipo y la edad de las aves en el momento de la inmunización, ası como la composición de su microbiota pueden tener un impacto y pueden impulsar las reacciones inmunes en diferentes direcciones. Los logros recientes en la comprensión del concepto de inmunidad entrenada contribuirán al avance...

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Strategies for enhancing immunity against avian influenza virus in chickens: a review

Cited by 10 publications

References 207 publications

Enhance immune response to H9 AIV DNA vaccine based on polygene expression and DGL nanoparticle encapsulation

Enhance immune response to H9 AIV DNA vaccine based on polygene expression and DGL nanoparticle encapsulation

Determining the Protective Efficacy of Toll-Like Receptor Ligands to Minimize H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Transmission in Chickens

The Immunological Basis for Vaccination

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