Strategies for Enhancing Biomass Energy Utilization in the Philippines

Samson, R.; Helwig, T.; Stohl, D.; Maio, A. De; Duxbury, P.; Mendoza, T. C.; Elepaño, Arnold R.

doi:10.2172/788774

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Claims of a direct link between woodfuel use and deforestation have been common (Myers, 1992;Wallace, 1995;Stedman-Edwards, 1997;Mallari et al, 2001;Samson et al, 2001;Elauria et al, 2003), with a 1989 USAID report attributing over 80 per cent of the deforestation in the Philippines to woodfuel extraction (USAID, 1989). Likewise, widespread woodfuel shortages have been predicted based on the rapid rate of deforestation in the country (Myers, 1988;DAP, 1992;Schulte-Bisping et al, 1999;Samson et al, 2001). The 1990 Master Plan for Forestry Development in the Philippines projected a fuelwood deficit of over 16 million metric tons (MT) by 2000 and 20 million MT by 2015, and called for fuel substitution, improved cookstoves, and 300 000 hectares of fuelwood plantations to address this shortfall (DENR, 1990).…”

Section: Links Between Woodfuel Deforestation and Land Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuelwood, deforestation, and land degradation: 10 years of evidence from cebu province, the Philippines

Bensel

2008

Land Degrad Dev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A major development concern of the 1970s and 1980s was 'the other energy' or 'woodfuel crisis'. Woodfuel use in developing regions of Africa, Asia, and Latin America was believed to be a key factor in tropical deforestation, and the loss of forests was projected to result in widespread woodfuel shortages. In recent years, however, it has become apparent that woodfuel production is seldom a direct cause of deforestation (although it may be a by-product), and that most woodfuel demand is met by trees and shrubs growing outside of forest areas. In addition, earlier predictions of serious woodfuel shortages have not materialized. But in some regions, including the Philippines, woodfuel use is still regularly pointed to as a primary cause of deforestation, and woodfuel shortages are still predicted for the immediate future. In particular, commercial woodfuel demand for household and commercial use is said to be contributing to over-exploitation of forest resources. This paper examines the connections between commercial woodfuel demand and deforestation on the Island of Cebu in the central Philippines. Cebu is widely perceived as an environmental disaster area on the brink of ecological collapse, and tree cutting for woodfuel production is often blamed for contributing to this condition. In contrast, this paper will argue that environmental conditions on Cebu are improving, that tree planting and management is widespread among smallholder farmers and other landowners, and that commercial demand for woodfuel and other wood products is one of the main factors driving increased reforestation on the island.

show abstract

Section: Links Between Woodfuel Deforestation and Land Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuelwood, deforestation, and land degradation: 10 years of evidence from cebu province, the Philippines

Bensel

2008

Land Degrad Dev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1) the energy cost of production is related to inputs at 57.60% where 27.53% of the energy cost of production was N fertilizer. Nitrogen and other fertilizers and chemicals could be reduced by crop residues recycling (badgley et al, 2007(badgley et al, , Mendoza , 2003samson et al, 2001) or by returning wheat straw to the field and spraying them with microorganisms to facilitate decomposition (Parr et al,1994;Higa, 1991); planting of alfalfa in rotation to wheat (alfalfa with association of rhizobial bacteria is able to absorb the N from the air and store in the root nodules) can decrease N requirements, planting of resistant varieties to pest and diseases to minimize pesticide use .…”

Section: Energy Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Accounting of Irrigated Wheat Production to Post Production (Baking Bread) in Doroodzan, Fars Province, Iran

Taghay

Mendoza

2011

ATR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

the total energy input (tEI) of irrigated wheat in Fars province, Iran, was estimated at 901 liter diesel oil equivalent per hectare (LDOE ha-1) (423 LDOE or 4819 Mcal, (47%) and 478.14 LDOE or 5454 Mcal, (53%) for wheat production and post production, respectively. the tEI for 1 ton wheat was estimated at 200 LDOE and for 1 ton of bread at 181 LDOE (wheat bread at 28% moisture). the direct use of fossil fuel oil in land preparation, planting, harvesting and transportation was estimated at 106 LDOE ha-1. the applications of fertilizer and pesticide contributed about 40% of the total energy bill in production while it was larger in baking the bread at 72.3 LDOE ton-1 or 75% of the energy costs of post production. At 4515 kg ha-1 average yield of irrigated wheat in Fars province, Iran, the energy output was estimated at 15848 Mcal for raw wheat, 13409.55 Mcal for bread and 2895 Mcal for straw. the energy balance for raw wheat production (field level) was estimated at 3.3. Post- production (baking bread) consumed a lot of energy. the estimated energy balance was 1.3. Measures on how to reduce the energy bill for wheat production and for post-production (baking bread) are discussed.

show abstract

“…In rural areas of China, labour force, wealth and cultivated area of a household, as well as distance of households from forests are the important factors for firewood or coal preference (Chen et al 2006). Similarly, population density, availability of rival fuels and macro-economic growth of a nation were driving forces for fuel choice (Elias and Victor 2005), while in rural and urban areas of the Philippines only income and fuel availability were important (Samson et al 2001), whereas in Tibet the cultural tradition of the family, population growth, macroeconomic situation and policy guidance (Liu et al 2008) were most important. Almost the same driving forces were also reported for Vietnam (Heltberg 2004).…”

Section: Biomass Energy Use Preferences In Developing Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Driving forces for fuelwood choice of households in developing countries: environmental implications for Bangladesh

Akther

Miah

Koike

2010

International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Servic

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Energy planning is an important task for every nation. Understanding the energy preferences of households influences a major part of energy planning and policy. In the preference system, socio-economic driving forces act critically, dictating energy use. Thus, the present study was undertaken to understand the socio-economic driving forces for energy preferences in developing countries, considering the Energy Ladder and the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. Results show that biomass still plays a vital role in meeting energy demand in many regions of developing countries, and household income is the most common factor in energy preference. However, the macro-economic condition is the primary driving force. With this understanding, the study argues that Bangladesh is still in the first half of the inverted U-shaped EKC for energy use at household level, and also confirms that the Energy Ladder is true at the second stage of the EKC in Bangladesh. Finally, the study suggests that alternative shorter paths in the EKC for energy use should be developed in Bangladesh. The study will be important for energy policy and planning in Bangladesh.

show abstract

Strategies for Enhancing Biomass Energy Utilization in the Philippines

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

Fuelwood, deforestation, and land degradation: 10 years of evidence from cebu province, the Philippines

Fuelwood, deforestation, and land degradation: 10 years of evidence from cebu province, the Philippines

Energy Accounting of Irrigated Wheat Production to Post Production (Baking Bread) in Doroodzan, Fars Province, Iran

Driving forces for fuelwood choice of households in developing countries: environmental implications for Bangladesh

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About