Strategies for automating solid-phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction in radiochemical analysis

Rodrı́guez, Ricardo; Avivar, Jessica; Leal, Luz O.; Cerdà, Vı́ctor; Ferrer, Laura

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2015.09.009

Cited by 54 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In this case, sample types include environmental samples, such as air, precipitation, water, soil, sediment and biota, and effluents (e.g., waste discharges) from nuclear facilities. Environmental radioactivity monitoring focuses on both natural (e.g., 210 Po, 210 Pb, 222 Rn, 226 Ra and 228 Ra) and artificial (e.g., 3 H, 14 C, 89 Sr, 90 Sr and actinides) radionuclides [25]. Typical analytical challenges involved in environmental radioactivity monitoring are trace or ultra-trace levels of radioactivity, large sample volume and large number of samples.…”

Section: Application Of Flow Techniques In Radiochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For radioactive material characterization in nuclear decommissioning and waste management, constructional and operational materials (e.g., concrete, graphite, steel, ion exchange resin and coolant from nuclear reactors) are typically required to be analyzed for a number of radionuclides (e.g., 3 H, 14 C, 36 Cl, 41 Ca, 55 Fe, 63 Ni, 90 Sr, 99 Tc, Pu isotopes, 241 Am and 244 Cm) [28,29]. The large variations in radioactivity levels and sample matrix compositions occur often as challenges in the relevant radiochemical analyses.…”

Section: Application Of Flow Techniques In Radiochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drying, grinding, sieving and ashing are often sequentially performed for solid samples when analyzing non-volatile radionuclides. For volatile radionuclides (e.g., 3 H, 14 C), fresh samples should be processed without drying and ashing, and for semi-volatile radionuclides (e.g., 210 Po) ashing under high temperature should be avoided. For the extraction of most non-volatile radionuclides from solid samples-acid digestion using a mixture of mineral acids in open systems, with a pressure vessel or microwave assistance-is commonly applied [80].…”

Section: Sample Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many radiochemical analyses consist of a series of identical chemical separation steps with little or no variation from sample to sample, which makes them feasible for automation via the implementation of versatile flow techniques. A number of review papers have been published, focusing either on flow techniques for automation of certain radiochemical separation processes [2,3], development of radionuclide sensors [4] or methods for selected radionuclides/sample types [1,[5][6][7]. This work presents the development and application of flow techniques for radiochemical analysis in different situations with focuses on technical design, assembly and performance of the flow systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Flow Approaches for Automated Radiochemical Analysis in Environmental, Nuclear and Medical Applications

Qiao

2020

Molecules

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Automated sample processing techniques are desirable in radiochemical analysis for environmental radioactivity monitoring, nuclear emergency preparedness, nuclear waste characterization and management during operation and decommissioning of nuclear facilities, as well as medical isotope production, to achieve fast and cost-effective analysis. Dynamic flow based approaches including flow injection (FI), sequential injection (SI), multi-commuted flow injection (MCFI), multi-syringe flow injection (MSFI), multi-pumping flow system (MPFS), lab-on-valve (LOV) and lab-in-syringe (LIS) techniques have been developed and applied to meet the analytical criteria under different situations. Herein an overall review and discussion on these techniques and methodologies developed for radiochemical separation and measurement of various radionuclides is presented. Different designs of flow systems with combinations of radiochemical separation techniques, such as liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), liquid–liquid microextraction (LLME), solid phase extraction chromatography (SPEC), ion exchange chromatography (IEC), electrochemically modulated separations (EMS), capillary electrophoresis (CE), molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) separation and online sensing and detection systems, are summarized and reviewed systematically.

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Section: Application Of Flow Techniques In Radiochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application Of Flow Techniques In Radiochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Dynamic Flow Approaches for Automated Radiochemical Analysis in Environmental, Nuclear and Medical Applications

Qiao

2020

Molecules

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“…Pre-concentration procedures including separation are efficient solutions to overcome matrix effects and, at the same time, improve sensitivity, selectivity, and precision of the measurement. The use of flow injection methods has been proposed to overcome the tedious, time-consuming and intensive radiochemical procedures [6,[15][16][17][18][19]. Flow Injection automated pre-concentration systems such as SeaFAST (ESI, Omaha, NE, USA) coupled to an ICP-MS have been successfully used [20,21] for the determination of trace metals in seawater and have demonstrated their reliability in trace metal analysis [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Automated SeaFAST ICP-DRC-MS Method for the Determination of 90Sr in Spent Nuclear Fuel Leachates

et al. 2020

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To reduce uncertainties in determining the source term and evolving condition of spent nuclear fuel is fundamental to the safety assessment. ß-emitting nuclides pose a challenging task for reliable, quantitative determination because both radiometric and mass spectrometric methodologies require prior chemical purification for the removal of interfering activity and isobars, respectively. A method for the determination of 90Sr at trace levels in nuclear spent fuel leachate samples without sophisticated and time-consuming procedures has been established. The analytical approach uses a commercially available automated pre-concentration device (SeaFAST) coupled to an ICP-DRC-MS. The method shows good performances with regard to reproducibility, precision, and LOD reducing the total time of analysis for each sample to 12.5 min. The comparison between the developed method and the classical radiochemical method shows a good agreement when taking into account the associated uncertainties.

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Synthesis of Pyridine Dicarboxylic Acid Functionalized and Crosslinked to Polyvinyl Alcohol/polyamide for Thorium Capturing From Aqueous Solution

Hendy,

Kashar,

Allam

et al. 2024

ChemistrySelect

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Thorium harms humans and the environment. Mining can release thorium‐containing waste. This study aims to simplify the production of a novel poly‐adsorbent by mixing pyridine dicarboxylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyamide and first removing thorium from the solution. Various analytical methods were used to characterize the produced dicarboxylic acid/polyvinyl alcohol/polyamide poly‐adsorbent. The practical conditions on adsorption effectiveness evaluated to pH 3.5, 60 mg poly‐adsorbent, 60 min. Th(IV) uptake for poly‐adsorbent is 107.3 mg/g. The linear and nonlinear uptake for the pseudo‐second‐order is closer to the practical uptake (107.71 mg/g). Hence, the kinetic analysis verified the sorption mechanism. Also, the uptake of linear (107.64 mg/g) and nonlinear (108.63 mg/g) types for the Langmuir isotherm is closer to the practical uptake (107.71 mg/g); thus, the sorption isotherm was suitably utilizing Langmuir modeling. Thermodynamic studies proved that the sorption is spontaneous, exothermic, and random due to the negative ΔG°, negative ΔH°, and positive ΔS° during the thorium adsorption process on poly‐adsorbent. In addition, the regeneration ability of poly‐adsorbent was tested utilizing 1.5 M H2SO4. After six cycles, the poly‐adsorbent showed about 83 % regeneration efficacy. The results confirmed that the dicarboxylic acid/polyvinyl alcohol/polyamide poly‐adsorbent might be effective in removing Th(IV) from the watery solution.

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Strategies for automating solid-phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction in radiochemical analysis

Cited by 54 publications

References 42 publications

Dynamic Flow Approaches for Automated Radiochemical Analysis in Environmental, Nuclear and Medical Applications

Dynamic Flow Approaches for Automated Radiochemical Analysis in Environmental, Nuclear and Medical Applications

An Automated SeaFAST ICP-DRC-MS Method for the Determination of 90Sr in Spent Nuclear Fuel Leachates

Synthesis of Pyridine Dicarboxylic Acid Functionalized and Crosslinked to Polyvinyl Alcohol/polyamide for Thorium Capturing From Aqueous Solution

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