Strategies for Assessing and Minimizing Pain

Karas, Alicia Z.; Danneman, Peggy J.; Cadillac, Joan M.

doi:10.1016/b978-012373898-1.50012-7

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…In Study 1, regardless of treatments, the increase in HR may be related to cervical manipulation (press and caudal traction) for accessing the uterus, as this probably generates pain and tissue damage (Andrioli et al, 1999; Campbell et al, 1996). Increases in HR and RR may be associated with acute and chronic pain, related to sympathetic nervous system activation, and secretion of catecholamines, that trigger increases in blood pressure, cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance (DeMarco & Pascoe, 2008; Karas et al, 2008; Stewart et al, 2010). The animal handling immediately after recovering from sedation may have contributed to the maintenance of this state in the first evaluation after the end of embryo collection, as described by Santos et al (2020), who also found an increase in this variable more accentuated at the first hour after NSER.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of meloxicam with or without dipyrone in non‐surgical embryo recovery in hair sheep: Effects on animal welfare

Ribeiro

Taira

Santos

et al. 2023

Reprod Domestic Animals

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The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of meloxicam with or without dipyrone on the welfare of ewes subjected to non‐surgical embryo recovery (NSER). Two studies were carried out using 51 multiparous Santa Inês ewes. All animals received a standard oestrous synchronization treatment and a superovulatory protocol. In Study 1, 12 ewes received meloxicam (GM) before cervical transposition (1 mg kg−1, i.v.), repeated 24 h after (1 mg kg−1, i.m.), while the other 10 received a saline solution, remaining as a control group (GC1). In Study 2, ewes were allocated into a group of 15 ewes treated as GM of Study 1 associated with dipyrone (GMD; 50 mg kg−1, i.m.) before cervical transposition, 12 h, and 24 h after, or a control group (GC2) of 14 ewes treated with saline solution. In both studies, heart and respiratory rates (RR), cortisol, glucose, total proteins, albumin and globulins blood concentration were recorded before sedation (BS), after sedation (AS), after cervical transposition, immediately after collection (IAC), and 0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after embryo collection (hAC). In Study 1, RR tended to be greater in GC1 (p = .08), serum total proteins and globulins values were lower and serum albumin values were greater in this group than GM (p = .003, p < .0001, and p < .0001, respectively). In Study 2, treatment of GMD tended to reduce the glycaemia at AS (p = .052) and reduced it at 3hAC (p < .0001), and 6hAC (p = .03). It also tended to reduce cortisol concentrations (p = .10). The other variables varied with NSER without interaction with the experimental treatments. In conclusion, in this study condition, NSER in sheep induced transient changes indicative of stress and possibly pain, therefore, affecting animal welfare. The administration of meloxicam was ineffective to reduce those responses, and the association of dipyrone had only slight effects without modifying the main welfare indicative responses in ewes subjected to NSER.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of meloxicam with or without dipyrone in non‐surgical embryo recovery in hair sheep: Effects on animal welfare

Ribeiro

Taira

Santos

et al. 2023

Reprod Domestic Animals

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“…Pigs are often used as experimental animal models in medical research because they have significant similarities to humans and a considerable number of experimental surgical studies are conducted under general anaesthesia (Swindle et al 2012). Moreover, it has now been verified by the scientific community that a failure to provide adequate details with respect to analgesic provision implies an underestimation of the distorting effects of pain on research data (Ulrich-Lai et al 2006, Karas et al 2008. Therefore, it is increasingly necessary to study new and effective anaesthetic protocols in order to preserve animal welfare in medical investigation (Calzetta et al 2014), since little information has been published on pain assessment and pain alleviation in pigs undergoing experimental surgery Sistino 2015, Bradbury et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Colella

Meligrana

Marino

et al. 2020

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tramadol (TM) (2 mg/kg) administered intramuscularly (IM) followed by a constant rate infusion (CRI) of TM (2 mg/kg/h) in pigs. Sixteen pigs undergoing experimental surgery were premedicated IM with a combination of alfaxalone (5 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.5 mg/kg). Anaesthesia was induced with propofol (2 mg/kg) intravenously (IV) and maintained with isoflurane. Pigs were randomly assigned to one of the two following groups: Group 1 (n=8): received a loading dose of TM (2 mg/kg) followed by a CRI of TM (2 mg/kg/h); Group 2 (n=8): a loading dose of TM (2 mg/kg) followed by a CRI of lactated Ringer's solution (2 ml/kg/h). Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ), fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO 2 ), end-tidal concentration of isoflurane (FE ISO ), end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration (FE CO2 ), pH, arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO 2 ), arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO 2 ) and bicarbonate concentration (HCO 3 -) were recorded immediately after loss of righting reflex (T=0 min) and at 15-min intervals over a period of 60 min. Continuous data were analysed using a repeated--measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a p-value <0.05 was considered significant.HR, RR and FE ISO were significantly lower (p<0.05) in Group 1 at T30 and T45, which corresponded to the time of the most intense surgical stimulation.The results suggest that the TM infusion minimizes the HR and RR response, slightly reducing isoflurane requirements and determining a superior perioperative analgesia.

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