Strategies for Applying Gene Mutagenesis Methods

Reetz, Manfred T.

doi:10.1002/9783527655465.ch4

Directed Evolution of Selective Enzymes 2016

DOI: 10.1002/9783527655465.ch4

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Strategies for Applying Gene Mutagenesis Methods

Manfred T. Reetz

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2019

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Utility of B-Factors in Protein Science: Interpreting Rigidity, Flexibility, and Internal Motion and Engineering Thermostability

et al. 2019

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The term B-factor, sometimes called the Debye–Waller factor, temperature factor, or atomic displacement parameter, is used in protein crystallography to describe the attenuation of X-ray or neutron scattering caused by thermal motion. This review begins with analyses of early protein studies which suggested that B-factors, available from the Protein Data Bank, can be used to identify the flexibility of atoms, side chains, or even whole regions. This requires a technique for obtaining normalized B-factors. Since then the exploitation of B-factors has been extensively elaborated and applied in a variety of studies with quite different goals, all having in common the identification and interpretation of rigidity, flexibility, and/or internal motion which are crucial in enzymes and in proteins in general. Importantly, this review includes a discussion of limitations and possible pitfalls when using B-factors. A second research area, which likewise exploits B-factors, is also reviewed, namely, the development of the so-called B-FIT-directed evolution method for increasing the thermostability of enzymes as catalysts in organic chemistry and biotechnology. In both research areas, a maximum of structural and mechanistic insights is gained when B-factor analyses are combined with other experimental and computational techniques.

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Utility of B-Factors in Protein Science: Interpreting Rigidity, Flexibility, and Internal Motion and Engineering Thermostability

et al. 2019

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Strategies for Applying Gene Mutagenesis Methods

Cited by 1 publication

References 101 publications

Utility of B-Factors in Protein Science: Interpreting Rigidity, Flexibility, and Internal Motion and Engineering Thermostability

Utility of B-Factors in Protein Science: Interpreting Rigidity, Flexibility, and Internal Motion and Engineering Thermostability

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