Strategies for active tumor targeting-an update

Vyas, Darshan; Patel, Mital; Wairkar, Sarika

doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174512

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Instrumentation and Methods. 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra were recorded on a 400 MHz NMR spectrometer (Bruker). Chemical shifts (δ) are reported in parts per million (ppm) referenced to tetramethylsilane (δ 0.00) ppm using the residual proton solvent peaks as internal standards.…”

Section: ■ Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 (1). [Ru-(DIP) 2 (4,4′-dibromo-2,2′-bipyridine)][PF 6 ] 2 (250 mg, 0.18 mmol, 1.0 equiv) was suspended in ethylenediamine (2 mL).…”

Section: Synthesis [Ru(47-diphenyl-110-phenanthroline) 2 (N1n1′-([22′...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A saturated solution of NH 4 PF 6 was added, and the solid was filtered and washed extensively with water and diethyl ether to yield 1 as a red powder (260 mg, 0.16 mmol, 89%). 1 H NMR (CD 3 CN, 400 MHz): δ = 8.50 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H), 8.18 (q, J = 9.5 Hz, 4H), 8.10 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H), 7.82 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H), 7.75−7.54 (m, 22H), 7.53 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H), 7.15 (d, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 6.48 (dd, J = 6.6, 2.6 Hz, 2H), 5.96 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.30 (q, J = 5.9 Hz, 4H), 2.88 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 4H). 13 C NMR (CD 3 CN, 100 MHz): δ = 157.9, 155.9, 153.…”

Section: Synthesis [Ru(47-diphenyl-110-phenanthroline) 2 (N1n1′-([22′...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forty milligrams of this PF 6 salt was converted to the chloride salt using Amberlite IRA 410. 1 H NMR (methanol-d 4 , 400 MHz): δ = 8.50 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H), 8.18 (q, J = 9.5 Hz, 4H), 8.10 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 7.85 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H), 7.68−7.60 (m, 4H), 7.61−7.42 (m, 22H), 7.06 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 6.50 (dd, J = 6.4, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 3.65− 3.24 (m, 56H), 3.02 (dd, J = 5.7, 4.5 Hz, 4H), 2.38 (dd, J = 8.9, 3.9 Hz, 8H). 13 [Ru(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) 2 (5-((3aR,4R,6aS)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno [3,4-d] [3,4-d] (3).…”

Section: Synthesis [Ru(47-diphenyl-110-phenanthroline) 2 (N1n1′-([22′...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These carriers allow for the selective binding of the anticancer agent to the cancer cells, or its accumulation in the tumor vicinity, thus focusing the therapeutic effect and reducing off-target toxicity. 1 Another way to limit the cytotoxic effect to the targeted tissues is to activate an otherwise harmless agent in a site-selective manner. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) relies on this last strategy to limit the cytotoxic effect of a photosensitizer (PS) to the lightirradiated area.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Red-Absorbing Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complexes with Biotin Targeting Spontaneously Assemble into Nanoparticles in Biological Media

et al. 2022

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Four new ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes were synthesized to study the effect of poly(ethylene glycol) and/or biotin conjugation on their physical and biological properties, including their hydrophilicity, their cellular uptake, and their phototoxicity. Unexpectedly, these complexes self-assembled into nanoparticles upon dilution in biological media. This behavior leads to their accumulation in lysosomes following their internalization by cells. While a significant increase in cellular uptake was observed for the biotin-conjugated complexes, it did not result in an increase in their phototoxicity. However, their high phototoxicity upon irradiation at long wavelengths (645–670 nm) and their self-assembling behavior make them a promising backbone for the development of new lysosome-targeted photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy.

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Section: ■ Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 (1). [Ru-(DIP) 2 (4,4′-dibromo-2,2′-bipyridine)][PF 6 ] 2 (250 mg, 0.18 mmol, 1.0 equiv) was suspended in ethylenediamine (2 mL).…”

Section: Synthesis [Ru(47-diphenyl-110-phenanthroline) 2 (N1n1′-([22′...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis [Ru(47-diphenyl-110-phenanthroline) 2 (N1n1′-([22′...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthesis [Ru(47-diphenyl-110-phenanthroline) 2 (N1n1′-([22′...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Red-Absorbing Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complexes with Biotin Targeting Spontaneously Assemble into Nanoparticles in Biological Media

et al. 2022

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Self‐Assembly of Biocompatible Core‐Shell Nanocapsules with Tunable Surface Functionality by Microfluidics for Enhanced Drug Delivery

Yang,

Xie,

Song

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Nanocarriers are essential for targeted and enhanced drug delivery. However, the use of toxic solvent and the complex of chemical functionalization have seriously limited their clinical translation. Here, a one‐step strategy is developed to direct the self‐assembly of biocompatible core‐shell nanocapsules with tunable surface functionality by microfluidics. Upon rapid mixing and solvent exchange of ethanol with water in a microfluidic device, drug, oil, polymer, and polymer‐PEG‐function co‐precipitate and self‐assemble into core‐shell nanocapsules with desired surface functionality as driven by energy minimization. The prepared PCL‐PEG‐FA core‐shell nanocapsules demonstrate a high encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity and exhibit excellent tumor‐targeting drug delivery performances both in vitro and in vivo via the binding of functional group on the nanocapsule surface with corresponding receptor on the tumor cell membrane. The immune activation in the tumor microenvironment is investigated in detail by flow cytometry and multiplex immunohistochemistry staining to reveal the underlying mechanism for enhanced anti‐tumor performances. The developed strategy is green, facile, versatile, scalable and offers a promising platform for the design of advanced nanocarriers with hierarchical structure and desired function for enhanced drug delivery.

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Biotin‐Conjugated Poly(Acrylic Acid)‐Grafted Ultrasmall Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhanced Tumor Imaging

et al. 2023

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Herein, biotin (Bio)‐conjugated poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)‐grafted ultrasmall gadolinium oxide nanoparticles (Bio‐PAA‐Gd2O3 NPs) were synthesized for enhanced tumor imaging using Bio as a tumor‐targeting ligand. The average particle diameter of Gd2O3 NPs was 2.1 nm. The Bio‐PAA‐Gd2O3 NPs exhibited excellent colloidal stability (i. e., no precipitation) and a high longitudinal water proton spin relaxivity (r1) of 23.8 s−1 mM−1 (r2/r1=1.6 and r2=transverse water proton spin relaxivity), which was ∼6 times higher than those of commercial Gd‐chelated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Cytotoxicity tests using two cell lines showed that the Bio‐PAA‐Gd2O3 NPs were almost non‐toxic up to the measured concentration of 500 μM Gd. The enhanced tumor imaging of the Bio‐PAA‐Gd2O3 NPs was demonstrated through their higher positive contrasts and longer contrast retention at the tumor after intravenous injection in T1 MR images, compared with those of the control PAA‐Gd2O3 NPs.

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Strategies for active tumor targeting-an update

Cited by 24 publications

References 123 publications

Red-Absorbing Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complexes with Biotin Targeting Spontaneously Assemble into Nanoparticles in Biological Media

Red-Absorbing Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complexes with Biotin Targeting Spontaneously Assemble into Nanoparticles in Biological Media

Self‐Assembly of Biocompatible Core‐Shell Nanocapsules with Tunable Surface Functionality by Microfluidics for Enhanced Drug Delivery

Biotin‐Conjugated Poly(Acrylic Acid)‐Grafted Ultrasmall Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhanced Tumor Imaging

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