Strategic use of the underground in an energy mix plan: Synergies among CO2, CH4 geological storage and geothermal energy. Latium Region case study (Central Italy)

Procesi, M.; Cantucci, Barbara; Buttinelli, Mauro; Armezzani, G.; Quattrocchi, F.; Boschi, E.

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.03.071

Cited by 69 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Geothermal energy is a renewable, clean, and sustainable energy stored in the form of heat beneath the earthÕs surface (Procesi et al 2013;Majorowicz and Grasby 2014). Geothermal power plants convert the energy of hot rocks into electricity using water in place to absorb heat from the rock and transport it to the earthÕs surface, where it is converted to electrical energy through turbine generators (Gallup 2009;Pathak et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Power Production from Dry Geothermal Well Using Down-hole Heat Exchanger in Sabalan Field, Northwest Iran

2015

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In this research, a simulation was performed for evaluating power production from an abandoned geothermal well as an enhanced geothermal system by injecting a secondary fluid. Abandoned wells, due to lack of fluid or very low transmissivity, are regarded among the low-to moderate-temperature resources that have the potential for heat production without any cost for deep drilling. Accordingly, they are taken as suitable sources of energy. In the present paper, an abandoned geothermal well at Meshkinshahr geothermal field in Sabalan district, northwestern Iran, with 3176 m depth was simulated. The bottom-hole temperature of 148°C, as well as well casing size, and real thermal gradient for well were applied in the model. A 3D heat transfer simulation model was designed by considering a coaxial pipe as a down-hole heat exchanger between surrounding rocks of the well and injected fluid. Injected fluid to the well with specified pressure and temperature receives heat from rocks surrounding the well, until it reaches the bottom of the well and converts to vapor. The vapor returns to the surface from inner pipe with very low heat loss during its return. The inner pipe is isolated by a thin layer having a low heat conductivity to prevent heat loss from the returned fluid. It was observed that obtained heat in the well depends on temperature profile of the well, injection velocity, and fluid mass flow rate. The model results were optimized by selecting suitable parameters such as inlet injection speed and fluid flow rate to achieve the highest temperature of the fluid returned from the well. A binary power plant was also modeled to determine the extractable power using returned fluid as input using ammonia and isobutene, as working fluids in binary cycle. Finally, electric power of 270 kW was generated from well NWS3 using designed down-hole heat exchanger.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Power Production from Dry Geothermal Well Using Down-hole Heat Exchanger in Sabalan Field, Northwest Iran

2015

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“…As ageing hydrocarbon fields approach the end of their productive and economic life [63,81,125], and as various options for their potential reuse, such as geological storage of CO 2 [3,50,127] or of energy [8,52,99] emerge, wellbore sealing issues are becoming ever more important [5,19]. In particular, effective plug and wellbore sealing procedures, ensuring long-term zonal isolation, are essential (a) for complying with increasingly stringent environmental regulations applying to well and reservoir abandonment [109] and (b) for enabling reuse of reservoirs in future applications [51].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction-driven casing expansion: potential for wellbore leakage mitigation

2017

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It is generally challenging to predict the postabandonment behaviour and integrity of wellbores. Leakage is, moreover, difficult to mitigate, particularly between the steel casing and outer cement sheath. Radially expanding the casing with some form of internal plug, thereby closing annular voids and fractures around it, offers a possible solution to both issues. However, such expansion requires development of substantial internal stresses. Chemical reactions that involve a solid volume increase and produce a force of crystallisation (FoC), such as CaO hydration, offer obvious potential. However, while thermodynamically capable of producing stresses in the GPa range, the maximum stress obtainable by CaO hydration has not been validated or determined experimentally. Here, we report uniaxial compaction/expansion experiments performed in an oedometer-type apparatus on precompacted CaO powder, at 65°C and at atmospheric pore fluid pressure. Using this set-up, the FoC generated during CaO hydration could be measured directly. Our results show FoC-induced stresses reaching up to 153 MPa, with reaction stopping or slowing down before completion. Failure to achieve the GPa stresses predicted by theory is attributed to competition between FoC development and its inhibiting effect on reaction progress. Microstructural observations indicate that reaction-induced stresses shut down pathways for water into the sample, hampering ongoing reaction and limiting the magnitude of stress build-up to the values observed. The results nonetheless point the way to understanding the behaviour of such systems and to finding engineering solutions that may allow large controlled stresses and strains to be achieved in wellbore sealing operations in future.

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“…For conventional and binary plants, a η of 20% was considered, whereas the value of η, relative to geothermal binary power plants, was computed following the methodology proposed by Di Pippo [33]. Generally, the ideal cycle for a binary plant is the Carnot Cycle, but this assumption is inappropriate and can result in misleading conclusions [33][34][35][36]. Carnot's ideal cycle produces the highest efficiency with respect to any other cycle operating between a heat source and a sink, but the Carnot Cycle is applicable only to reversible processes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geothermal Potential Evaluation for Northern Chile and Suggestions for New Energy Plans

Procesi

2014

Energies

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Abstract:Chile is a country rich in natural resources, and it is the world's largest producer and exporter of copper. Mining is the main industry and is an essential part of the Chilean economy, but the country has limited indigenous fossil fuels-over 90% of the country's fossil fuels must be imported. The electricity market in Chile comprises two main independent systems: the Northern Interconnected Power Grid (SING) and the Central Interconnected Power Grid (SIC). Currently, the primary Chilean energy source is imported fossil fuels, whereas hydropower represents the main indigenous source. Other renewables such as wind, solar, biomass and geothermics are as yet poorly developed. Specifically, geothermal energy has not been exploited in Chile, but among all renewables it has the greatest potential. The transition from thermal power plants to renewable energy power plants is an important target for the Chilean Government in order to reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels. In this framework, the proposed study presents an evaluation of the geothermal potential for northern Chile in terms of power generation. The El Tatio, Surire, Puchuldiza, Orriputunco-Olca and Apacheta geothermal fields are considered for the analysis. The estimated electrical power is approximately 1300 MWe, and the energy supply is 10,200 GWh/year. This means that more than 30% of the SING energy could be provided from geothermal energy, reducing the dependence on imported fossil fuels, saving 8 Mton/year of CO 2 and supplying the mining industry, which is Chile's primary energy user.

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Strategic use of the underground in an energy mix plan: Synergies among CO2, CH4 geological storage and geothermal energy. Latium Region case study (Central Italy)

Cited by 69 publications

References 48 publications

Simulation of Power Production from Dry Geothermal Well Using Down-hole Heat Exchanger in Sabalan Field, Northwest Iran

Simulation of Power Production from Dry Geothermal Well Using Down-hole Heat Exchanger in Sabalan Field, Northwest Iran

Reaction-driven casing expansion: potential for wellbore leakage mitigation

Geothermal Potential Evaluation for Northern Chile and Suggestions for New Energy Plans

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