Strategic PMU placement to alleviate power system vulnerability against cyber attacks

Khare, Gaurav; Mohapatra, Abheejeet; Singh, S. N.

doi:10.1049/enc2.12038

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Razavi et al (2020) explored a multi-level PMU placement model under probabilistic and deterministic frameworks, reflecting a more realistic image of power system observability through the concept of probabilistic observability, thereby providing a more complete search space for optimization problems. Khare et al (2021) aimed to reduce network vulnerability of the power system to network attacks by using forward dynamic programming to allocate the capital cost of PMUs over time. This approach ensures the critical observability of the grid in the first stage and increases the observability level in subsequent stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic planning of edge sensing terminals in distribution network supporting distributed resources observable and controllable

Ji,

Liu,

Yan

et al. 2024

Front. Energy Res.

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With the advancement of low-carbon distribution networks, the heightened stochasticity introduced by a multitude of renewable energy sources in the power grid has significantly augmented the regulatory challenges faced by the power grid. Dispatching distributed resources emerges as an effective solution to this issue. However, these resources often lack observability and controllability, hindering their participation in power regulation services. To establish a reliable interaction between distributed resources and power grids, the deployment of numerous edge sensing terminals becomes essential, albeit incurring high costs. In light of this, our paper proposes a dynamic network planning method for edge sensing terminals based on node differentiation and resource observability criteria, aiming to facilitate real-time and dependable observation of distributed resources. Initially, the node weight, a metric to gauge the disparity among nodes, is computed, considering communication quality deviation, resource development synergy, and the distribution of distributed resources. Subsequently, an optimal configuration method is introduced, accounting for the terminal’s reliability under faults. Lastly, a method for dynamic terminal networking planning is presented, gradually reducing the depth of unobservable resources. An enhanced genetic algorithm is employed to address this challenge. This method was validated using an IEEE 33 node system and a 91 node actual system, demonstrating significant effectiveness in reducing terminal configuration costs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic planning of edge sensing terminals in distribution network supporting distributed resources observable and controllable

Ji,

Liu,

Yan

et al. 2024

Front. Energy Res.

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“…False data injection attacks (FDIAs) are specific forms of manin-middle cyberattacks that target a system's state estimator (SE) by feeding malicious measurements to the control centre [4]. Notably, a randomly designed cyberattack may not be detrimental to the operation of a power network because of the existing and operational robust bad data detection (BDD) techniques [5,6]. However, an intelligently designed FDIA on SEs, which remains hidden from BDD techniques, can significantly disrupt grid operation and cause financial losses, public inconvenience, stability, and security problems, as reported in refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State vulnerability assessment against false data injection attacks in AC state estimators

Khare¹,

Mohapatra

Singh

2022

Energy Conversion and Econom

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The transformation of the conventional power grid into a smart grid has revolutionised the power industry. However, this has also made the power grid vulnerable to various cyberattacks. This study evaluates the vulnerability of system states, which act as crucial inputs to other essential grid monitoring and control functions, against credible false data injection attacks on nonlinear AC state estimators. Accordingly, two approaches are proposed. The first maximises the yield of the attack, and the second reduces the number of physical meters to be manipulated to launch an attack. This study also develops an attack feasibility index, which can assist in quantifying the feasibility of an false data injection attack while considering various characteristics of a cyberattack. The attack feasibility index also aids in simultaneously comparing the effects of both approaches and assessing the vulnerability of the estimated states. The effectiveness of the proposed methods and the index are established by calculating the state vulnerability of the IEEE 39 bus and IEEE 118 bus test systems.

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“…The constraints are also updated with the inclusion of the state characteristics of the PMU device and tie-line. The mathematical formulation of the objective function and constraints can be represented as shown in equation (23)(24) to model the cyber-attack inclusion in the grid network.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tie-line modelling in interconnected synchrophasor network for monitoring grid observability, cyber intrusion and reliability

Yadav

Mahajan

2022

Eng. rev. (Online)

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The incorporation of a tie-line between two areas may be beneficial in two ways. First, the reserve capacity of the assisting area support to the assisted area, and second, the number of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) requirements will become smaller for complete observability of the interconnected grid. The objective function is formulated to integrate the observability and reliability analysis for the two interconnected synchrophasor networks. The effect of Zero Injection Bus (ZIB) is included in the observability constraints to reduce the number of PMUs deployed in the system. The number of optimal PMU deployments will be greater for two interconnected systems in comparison with a single area. Therefore, interconnected systems become more vulnerable to cyber risk. The paper discusses the cumulative analysis of system observability and reliability during an anomaly situation that occurs with a PMU device due to a cyber-attack. The reliability indices Interconnected System Load Interruption Probability (ISLIP) and Interconnected System Demand Not Supplied (ISDNS) are evaluated when an anomaly occurs with optimally deployed PMU in the network by including and excluding the effect of ZIB. By doing so, the most reliable location for PMU deployment can be obtained for both the area. Reliability Test System (RTS)-24 bus is used for each area to modify the test system by incorporating tie-lines between them.

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Strategic PMU placement to alleviate power system vulnerability against cyber attacks

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Dynamic planning of edge sensing terminals in distribution network supporting distributed resources observable and controllable

Dynamic planning of edge sensing terminals in distribution network supporting distributed resources observable and controllable

State vulnerability assessment against false data injection attacks in AC state estimators

Tie-line modelling in interconnected synchrophasor network for monitoring grid observability, cyber intrusion and reliability

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