“…Central to the debate is the question of how strategy can most effectively be formulated, a topic that has been contested since the 1970s (Andrews, 1971;Ansoff, 1991;Mintzberg, 1977;Mintzberg & Waters, 1985). While much has been written about the deliberate and emergent schools of strategy formation, strategy researchers have not yet reached agreement on their relative merits (Boyd, 1991;Brews & Hunt, 1999;Greenley, 1994;Holloway, 2004;Miller & Cardinal, 1994;Schaffer & Willauer, 2003). As a means of providing empirical support to one side of the debate or the other, several dozen studies (e.g., Andrews et al, 2009;Falshaw, Glaister, & Tatoglu, 2006;Hopkins & Hopkins, 1997;Slater, Olson, & Hult, 2006;Thune & House, 1970) have tried to quantify the proposed link between strategic planning and organizational performance with mixed results.…”